Chapter 2.1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

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What kind of charge do electrons have?

negative electric charge

Trace elements are required to _______________

survive

What is a molecule?

A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

When does an atom become an ion?

An atom becomes an ion when its number of electrons changes and it gains an electrical charge.

Why do ions form?

An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full; the gain or loss of electrons results in a full outermost energy level.

What is the difference between elements and compounds?

Elements cannot be broken down into simpler means while compounds can be broken down into simpler means

When do ions form?

Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

How do ionic bonds form?

It forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

Why is chromium needed in the human body?

It is needed for your cells to break down sugars for usable energy.

Why is iron needed in the human body?

It is needed to transport oxygen to your blood

What is an atom?

The smallest basic unit of matter

What is a covalent bond?

a bond formed when electrons share one or more pairs of electrons

What is an ion?

an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

What is every single thing made of?

atoms

Which elements make up the 96% of the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Water and Carbon dioxide are examples of __________________

compounds

What is one particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means?

element

Electrons move around the nucleus in regions called

energy levels

Atoms are most stable when they have a

full valence ring

An atom with a nearly full outer energy level tends __________________________

gain electrons

What is a compund?

it is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio.

An atom that gains one or more electrons becomes a _________________________

negatively charged ion because it has more electrons than protons.

What kind of charge do neutrons have?

no charge

What do protons and neutrons form?

nucleus

The type of ion that forms depends on the number of electrons in an atom's __________________________________

outer energy level

What kind of charge do protons have?

positive electric charge

An atom that loses one or more electrons becomes a __________________________________

positively charged ion because it has more protons than electrons

The electrons in the atoms of each element determine the _________________ of that element

properties

All atoms of a given element have a specific number of ______________

protons

Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles:

protons, neutrons, electrons

What is an ionic bond?

the attractive force between oppositely charged ions

An atom with few electrons in its outer energy level tends _________________

to lose those electrons

How do covalent bonds form?

when atoms share a pair of electrons


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