Chapter 21: Developmental Concepts

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 2 1/2-year-old girl. To foster the development of autonomy, which instruction would the nurse include?

"Encourage the child to dress herself."

Based on Havighurst's theory, the nurse recognizes that one of the developmental tasks of middle adulthood is:

adjusting to physical changes.

According to Havighurst, learning behaviors are based upon developmental tasks. In assessing an adult patient, the nurse is aware that a common developmental task of middle adulthood includes:

assisting children to become responsible adults.

A nurse is searching the Internet for information about theorists associated with moral development. The search reveals several theorists. Which result would the nurse identify as being associated with women and morality?

Giligan

The nurse is assessing a 15-year-old who was involved in a fight at school. Which client statements would the nurse see as evidence that this child is delayed in Erickson's developmental stages? Select all that apply.

"I do not trust anyone." "I am not good at anything." "I really don't have many friends, nobody likes me."

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several children who come to the health center for care. When applying Piaget's theory, which child would the nurse anticipate as being able to think abstractly and use deductive reasoning?

13-year-old

A 25-year-old client is a college graduate and is married with one child. During a wellness visit, the client confides, "I just feel like something is missing from my life. Maybe I need to make a career change." How would the nurse familiar with Levenson and associates' theory of development interpret this statement?

As a normal finding for a client at this stage of development.

A child who learns that he must sit quietly during story hour in kindergarten, thereby integrating this new experience into his existing schemata, is applying the process of:

Assimilation

The nurse assesses that a child is in Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development. The nurse anticipates which behaviors from Erikson's psychosocial stages in this child? Select all that apply.

Beginning interpersonal skills Development of purpose

A nurse is caring for an elderly client in a long term care facility. The resident is reminiscing about his life and his achievements. The nurse understands the client is in which of the following stages of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory?

Ego Integrity

An older adult has come to the clinic for a follow up visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I've really had a good life. I've been successful in my work and I have a wonderful family. My grandchildren bring me so much joy." The nurse interprets this statement as indicating achievement of which developmental task?

Ego integrity

The nurse is caring for a man 79 years of age who was admitted for a hip replacement. He visits with the nurse every chance he gets; he seems lonely. He tells the nurse his wife died two years ago. He has children in nearby cities and has nine grandchildren. He says his life has been good and he is content, even though he misses his wife. The nurse assesses him for developmental issues and knows that he fits well into which of Erikson's stages of development?

Ego integrity versus despair

A nurse is reviewing developmental theories for class discussion. The nurse knows that Freud's theory emphasizes the effect of instinctual human drives on behavior. He identified the underlying stimulus for human behavior as sexuality, which he called libido. Freud defined libido as which of the following?

General pleasure-seeking instincts

A nurse observes individuals who are volunteering in a community free health clinic. Which of the following stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory describes these individuals?

Generativity vs stagnation

Donald, a newly graduated nurse, is working in a pediatric clinic. Today he sees Karen, a 1-month-old infant, and her single mother. The mother is estranged from Karen's father but is marrying her high school sweetheart next week. Donald remembers from nursing school that which of the following will affect an infant's growth and development? Choose all that apply.

Genetics of mother Environment of infant Mother's prenatal nutrition

A 10-year-old girl is excited when she receives the "most improved player" award on her softball team. Although she was not the strongest player on the team, she always tried to perform at her best level and never gave up on practicing her skills. What stage of psychosocial development according to Erik Erikson is this child demonstrating?

Industry versus inferiority

A nurse is preparing a program for a group of staff nurses on growth and development. As part of the program, the nurse will be discussing the various theories of growth and development. When describing Freud's theory, the nurse includes the concept of the ego. Which component would the nurse identify as being part of the ego? Select all that apply.

Intelligence Memory Problem solving

The parents of a 4-year-old girl bring the child to the clinic for the first time. During the assessment, the nurse asks the parents about any religious beliefs. The parents tell the nurse that they are Christian. The mother says, "We take her to church with us. She's really well-behaved. She even tries to imitate what we do, standing, kneeling, folding her hands, and such." The nurse interprets this behavior as reflecting which stage of faith development?

Intuitive-projective faith

The nurse is caring for a mother of a healthy infant age six months. The mother expresses concern about the child putting everything in his mouth. The nurse uses Freud's theory to teach the mother which of the following about this behavior?

It is a way that the infant explores.

A nurse is working with young adults and assessing their moral development. The nurse relates which of the following theorists who developed the Theory of Moral Development?

Lawrence Kohlberg

The nurse is providing prenatal education for a group of pregnant teenagers. The nurse talks about substance use during pregnancy and relates that use to which possible newborn consequences? Select all that apply.

Low birth weight Congenital anomalies Premature birth

A nurse assesses the effect of the environment and nutrition on clients visiting a walk-in clinic in a low-income community. Which statements accurately describe these effects? Select all that apply.

Substance use by a pregnant woman increases the risk for congenital anomalies in the developing fetus. Use of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in teenagers who have poor family relationships. An increased incidence of teenage pregnancy can be linked to substance use by adolescents.

A nurse is reading a journal article about Freud's Theory of Psychoanalytic Development and the stages associated with it. Place the stages listed below in the sequence that would demonstrate the nurse's understanding of the information in the article.

Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stage

As a nursing student is visiting a day care to observe growth and development in action. The nursing student completes assessments on infants and toddlers who are learning to walk, talk, and control elimination. According to Freud, in what developmental stage are they?

Oral; anal

A student nurse is enrolled in a growth and development class. Which of the following Freudian stages should the student nurse recognize in a child with an increase in gender difference awareness?

Phallic Stage

A nursing student is visiting a day care to observe growth and development in action. The nursing student completes screening assessments on preschoolers who are learning to feed, dress, and toilet themselves, as well as expanding their motor and verbal abilities. According to Piaget, in what development stage are they?

Preoperational

A nurse is reviewing the stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Place the key elements of the stages listed below in the order in which they would occur that would the demonstrate the nurse's understanding of this theory.

Punishment and obedience Instrumental-relativist Interpersonal concordance Law and order Social contract Universal ethical principle

A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy who is hospitalized for observation following a motor vehicle accident. Based on Havighurst's developmental tasks, what would be the best choice for a diversional activity for this client?

Reading a storybook

A nurse is teaching parents of preschoolers about growth and development of their children. Which teaching point would the nurse include?

The pace of growth and development is specific for each person.

During a well-child visit, the nurse observes a 3-year-old girl who climbs up into her father's lap and says, "I am going to marry you when I grow up, Daddy." What determination does the nurse make about this observation?

This child is experiencing the Electra complex which is normal at this age.

A nurse is presenting a workshop for a group of young women. Part of the workshop focuses on the moral development of women. The nurse integrates information about Gilligan's theory into the presentation, describing the various levels that a woman goes through as morality develops. When describing level 1, the nurse would focus on which area?

Woman's own needs