Chapter 22- China, Mongolia, and Taiwan
In southern China, _________ and Macao (muh-KOW) are major port cities and centers of trade and tourism.
Hong Kong
What major rivers begin in the Plateau of Tibet?
Huang He and the Chang Jiang
Only ______ percent of the people in China live in the west, while the rest are jam-packed into the east.
10
China's second-largest city is its capital, ________. Also known as Peking, this historic city has many beautiful palaces and temples. A mix of the old and new, ________ is China's political and cultural center.
Beijing
_______ came to China from India about AD 100. This religion is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama who believe moral behavior, kindness, and meditation can lead to peace.
Buddhism
Its many achievements include the magnetic com-pass, gunpowder, paper, printing, and silk. They also invented fireworks
China
This country is a leading producer of several crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, and potatoes. Its main farmlands are in the eastern plains and river valleys. To the north, wheat is the main crop. To the south, rice is.
China
This country is rich in mineral resources and is a leading producer of coal, lead, tin, and tungsten. It produces many other minerals and metals as well. Its forestland and farmland are also valuable resources.
China
_________ has the world's largest population. 1.3 billion
China
Name three countries that make up a large part of East Asia.
China, Mongolia, and Taiwan
This country's main industries include textiles, carpets, coal, copper, and oil. It produces little food other than from livestock, however, and faces food and water shortages.
Mongolia
This country's natural resources include minerals such as coal, iron, and tin as well as livestock.
Mongolia
To the north of China lies_______ . This landlocked country is dry and rugged, with vast grasslands and desert.
Mongolia
Only about 15 percent of China's land is good for farming. So how does China produce so much food?
More than half of all Chinese workers are farmers. This large labor force can work the land at high levels. In addition, farmers cut terraces into hillsides to make the most use of the land.
At 29,035 feet (8,850 m), ________ in the Himalayas, is the world's highest mountain.
Mount Everest
The _________ fled to Taiwan, where they founded the Republic of China.
Nationalists
In east China, the land levels out into low plains and river valleys. These fertile plains, such as the _______________, are China's main population centers and farm-lands.
North China Plain
How is China addressing its population problem?
Officials have urged people to delay having children and have tried to limit each couple to one child.
First recorded Chinese dynasty Strongest in the Huang He valley Developed China's first writing system, a calendar, and chopsticks Skilled at bronze casting
Shang dynasty
China's largest city is ________, with some 15 million people. Located where the Chang Jiang meets the East China Sea, it is China's leading seaport and an industrial and commercial center. The city is also known for its European feel and nightlife.
Shanghai
This country's major natural resource is its farmland. Important crops include sugarcane, tea, and bananas.
Taiwan
_________, off the coast of mainland China, is a green tropical island.
Taiwan
____________, a barren land of sand dunes and blinding sandstorms.
Taklimakan Desert
How does the Communist government tightly control most areas of life in China?
The government controls newspapers and Internet access, which helps to restrict the flow of information and ideas. In addition, China harshly punishes people who oppose the government.
________ is China's lowest point, at 505 feet (154 m) below sea level.
Turpan Depression
Longest-lasting Chinese dynasty Expanded China but declined into a period of disorder Influenced by the new teachings of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Began using iron tools and plows
Zhou dynasty
On Taiwan, _________ is the island's main population center.
a plain on the west coast
__________an economic system in which the government owns all the businesses and makes all decisions, such as where people work.
command economy
Precipitation __________ from the southeast to the northwest. Desserts and dry steppes cover the northwest.
decreases
More Chinese work in ________than in any other economic activity.
farming
In summer, the Huang He often floods. The floods spread layers of _________, (fertile, yellowish soil) enriching the soil for farming. However, such floods have killed millions of people. For this reason, the river is called China's Sorrow.
loess
_____________ an economic system in which people can choose their careers, decide what to make or sell, and keep the profits they earn.
market economy
Physical features of China, Mongolia, and Taiwan include:
mountains, plateaus and basins, plains, and rivers.
In the __________, the climate is mainly dry. Temperatures vary across the area and can get both very hot and cold.
north and west
As we move to the _______, the climate is drier and colder. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 F ( 18 C).
north-east
In 1911, rebels forced out China's last emperor. They then formed a _________, a political system in which voters elect their leaders.
republic
Most of China's people live in small, _____ villages. Farmers work the fields using the same methods they have used for decades. In small shops and along the streets, sellers cook food and offer goods.
rural
The __________ is warm to hot, and monsoons bring heavy rains in summer. In addition, typhoons can strike the southeast coast in summer and fall. Similar to hurricanes, these violent storms bring high winds and rain.
tropical southeast
China's growing economy has led to its rapid city growth. Most are on the coast or along major rivers. These areas have benefited from growing industry and trade. Places that were rice fields not long ago are now bustling _____ centers with skyscrapers, factories, and highways.
urban
In general how does China's elevation differ from West to East?
Highest in the West; lowest in the East.
Continuing northeast, in Mongolia we find the ______. This harsh area of gravel and rock is the world's coldest desert. Tempera-tures can drop to below 40 F ( 40 C).
Gobi
The majority of Chinese are ________. However, China includes 55 other ethnic groups. Most of these people live in west-ern and southern China.
Han
Based government on Confucianism Began trading over Silk Road Spread of Buddhism from India Invented paper, sundial, and acupuncture
Han Dynasty
In a _____________ system, the government owns most businesses and land and controls all areas of life.
Communist
This philosophy stresses the importance of family, moral values, and respect for one's elders.
Confucianism
China's two main belief systems are ______ and Buddhism.
Daoism
_______ stresses living simply and in harmony with nature.
Daoism
China's official language.
Mandarin
________, the Communists' leader, became the head of China's new government.
Mao
How did communism change life in China?
Mao - Women gained more rights and were able to work. On the other hand, the government limited freedoms and imprisoned people who criticized it. Deng - Worked to modernize and improve China's economy. He allowed some private businesses and encouraged countries to invest in China.
What type of economic system is in China?
Mixed Economy
In south-west China, the _________ lies north of the Himalayas. The world's highest plateau, it is called the Roof of the World.
Plateau of Tibet
What are some of China's environmental problems?
Pollution and lost of forestland and farmland,
First unified Chinese empire Strong central government with strict laws Created standardized money and writing systems Built a network of roads and canals and much of the Great Wall The greatest ruler was Shi Huangdi
Qin Dynasty
How did Geography affect early China's early history?
The tall mountains, deserts, and seas around China further limited contact and isolated the region.
China hopes to lessen pollution by using more hydro-electric power, electricity produced by dams. China has built the __________ on the Chang Jiang
Three Gorges Dam
