Chapter 22 evolution

) The process of ________ has had a major impact on species distributions worldwide. A) continental drift B) comparative biochemistry C) genetic engineering D) divergent speciation E) adaptive mobility

A) continental drift

) Which one of the following processes tends to mix gene pools? A) gene flow B) the bottleneck effect C) founder effect D) continental drift E) adaptive radiation

A) gene flow

In each local environment, populations of living organisms have evolved to possess the traits necessary to survive and reproduce. This concept is called A) natural selection. B) genetic drift. C) the bottleneck effect. D) gene flow. E) antigenic shift.

A) natural selection.

) Humans are classified as hominoids because A) they have larger bodies and bigger brains than other primates. B) all primates are classified in this group. C) they have hair during some part of their lives. D) at one point in their evolutionary history, they possessed a tail. E) aerobic metabolism uses hemoglobin for oxygen transport.

A) they have larger bodies and bigger brains than other primates

All of the following are key elements of evolution EXCEPT which one? A) Organisms have changed from their ancestors over time. B) Change has been accomplished with a purpose and a plan. C) Change is unpredictable and determined by natural processes. D) Change depends on alterations in the DNA.

B) Change has been accomplished with a purpose and a plan

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding fossils? A) Fossils are more likely discovered under the sea than on land. B) Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete. C) Because organisms are primarily composed of soft tissue, it is more likely that soft tissue is fossilized than hard tissue. D) Once fossilization is complete, no further degradation of the fossil can occur. E) Because fossils are so old, it is not possible to determine their age.

B) Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete.

1) In 2004, archaeologists unearthed a female skeleton on the Indonesian island of Flores that led to its classification as a member of the genus Homo instead of Australopithecus because of A) a bone structure that reflected a raised brow of the skeleton. B) a bone structure that suggested she was able to walk upright and her type of chewing ability. C) the presence of a furrowing suture in the occipital lobe. D) the absence of complex tools for hunting. E) the absence of frontal molars in the jaw.

B) a bone structure that suggested she was able to walk upright and her type of chewing ability.

When conditions are right, many new species may develop in a relatively short period of time from a single ancestor. Such short bursts of evolutionary activity are called A) gene flow. B) adaptive radiation. C) the founder effect. D) population explosion. E) genetic drift.

B) adaptive radiation.

In the 1940s, the population of whooping cranes in North America neared extinction, with fewer than 30 birds surviving. The population has since expanded to several hundred birds today. It is likely that these several hundred birds will exhibit very little genetic diversity. This is an example of A) biogeographical distribution. B) the bottleneck effect. C) random mutation. D) population effect. E) immigration.

B) the bottleneck effect.

When two species contain identical or nearly identical molecules such as proteins, this suggests A) genetic modification has occurred to the populations. B) the two species share a common ancestry. C) the two species are in fact only one species displaying divergent evolution. D) the two species are in fact only one species displaying convergent evolution. E) the two species overlap in niches and likely share a common diet.

B) the two species share a common ancestry.

Cytochrome c is a small protein that is found in present-day organisms. Comparison of the structure of cytochrome c from different organisms to infer evolutionary relationships would be part of the science involving A) fossil evidence. B) developmental biology. C) comparative biochemistry. D) migration patterns. E) comparative anatomy.

C) comparative biochemistry.

Movement of individuals into or out of the population, called gene flow, impacts evolution of populations because A) it can lead to extinction of one or more populations. B) it may cause genetic drift. C) it leads to a redistribution of alleles. D) adaptive radiation results. E) a founder effect will occur.

C) it leads to a redistribution of alleles.

Anatomical parts of the body that serve little or no function are referred to as A) homologous structures. B) hyperplasia. C) vestigial structures. D) somites. E) dysplasia.

C) vestigial structures

Life began on Earth approximately ________ years ago. A) 100,000 B) 1 million C) 5 million D) 3.8 billion E) 4.6 billion

D) 3.8 billion

2) Which of the following is true of radiometric dating? A) A mineral that is 10,000 years old would best be dated with radioactive potassium. B) A mineral that is 1 billion years old would best be dated with radioactive carbon. C) Radioactive potassium-to-radon gas ratio can be used to date minerals. D) One can infer the age of a fossil by radiometric dating of the minerals found near the fossil. E) Carbon-14 decays with a half-life of 60,000 years.

D) One can infer the age of a fossil by radiometric dating of the minerals found near the fossil.

In the early Earth, the development of ________ created oxygen gas in the atmosphere. A) ozone B) nitrogen fixation C) cellular respiration D) photosynthesis E) eukaryotes

D) photosynthesis

The ability to extract oxygen from the environment and use it to make energy is called A) photosynthesis. B) comparative biochemistry. C) anaerobic metabolism. D) self-replication. E) aerobic metabolism.

E) aerobic metabolism.

In the year 2317, a group of human pioneers decide to colonize Mars. The distance between Mars and Earth prevents the possibility of new members joining the colony or the members of the colony interbreeding with humans on Earth. This situation is an example of A) extinction. B) the bottleneck effect. C) random mutation. D) continental drift. E) the founder effect.

E) the founder effect.

T/F Because the fossil record is now complete, it provides compelling evidence to support the theory of evolution.

False

T/F Random changes in the frequency of alleles of a population because of chance events is known as natural selection.

False

T/F RNA is believed to have evolved before DNA and proteins.

True

T/F There was no protective ozone layer early in Earth's history, which allowed Earth's surface to be bombarded with ultraviolet radiation.

True