Chapter 22 MC

D) Cape Town from the Dutch.

As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following EXCEPT A) the French colonies in Canada. B) the French trading posts in India. C) Spanish Florida. D) Cape Town from the Dutch. E) Siberia from the Russians.

A) Australia.

By 1750, all of the following regions were linked by trade and commerce EXCEPT A) Australia. B) Brazil. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) south Africa.

A) the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia.

By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean resulted in all of the following EXCEPT A) the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia. B) the first complete circumnavigation of the world. C) the mapping of Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific. D) exploration of the coast of Alaska and the waters of the Arctic Ocean. E) European colonization of the Philippines.

D) enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds.

By the mid-fifteenth century, Portuguese mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar, which A) enabled them to sail directly into the wind. B) enabled them to measure their location north and south of the equator with accuracy. C) allowed them to avoid the use of sails for extended periods of time. D) enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds. E) allowed them to sneak up on their enemies unannounced.

B) find a direct and profitable route to Japan.

Christopher Columbus believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would A) reach the Canary Islands and initiate a spice trade with the natives. B) find a direct and profitable route to Japan. C) discover a new continent and lost city of gold. D) find a quick passage around Africa. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) an astrolabe or cross staff.

European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or pole star above the horizon with A) a magnetic compass. B) a telescope. C) an astrolabe or cross staff. D) a mechanical clock. E) None of these answers is correct.

E) All these answers are correct.ok

In Eurasia, new American food crops translated into A) overall improvements in diet and nutrition. B) steady population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. C) more varied cuisine. D) better food for livestock. E) All these answers are correct.

D) furs.

In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of A) trade routes to China. B) access to the Pacific. C) gold and silver. D) furs. E) timber.

E) All these answers are correct.

In the New World, the Columbian exchange generally resulted in the A) introduction of infectious diseases. B) staggering loss of indigenous populations. C) introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses. D) introduction of food crops such as wheat. E) All these answers are correct.

C) population pressures in Europe.

Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included all of the following EXCEPT A) the search for raw materials and mineral resources. B) the search for new lands to settle and cultivate. C) population pressures in Europe. D) the desire to trade directly with Asian markets. E) the urge to extend Christianity beyond Europe.

E) the superiority of the Portuguese navy over English and Dutch forces.

Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early in the sixteenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) the ruthless policies of naval commander Afonso d'Alboquerque. B) the head start that Portugal enjoyed over other European powers in the exploration of the Indian Ocean. C) the use of heavy artillery to overpower other craft and onshore sites. D) the Portuguese control of strategic ports such as Hormuz and Melaka. E) the superiority of the Portuguese navy over English and Dutch forces.

A) a combination of square and lateen sails.

Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using A) a combination of square and lateen sails. B) a sternpost rudder. C) a magnetic compass. D) an astrolabe. E) a sextant.

C) a lack of previous exposure that would have built natural immunity.

Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of A) the densely populated urban centers. B) poor hygiene and contaminated water. C) a lack of previous exposure that would have built natural immunity. D) the lack of access to immunizations. E) All these answers are correct.

B) lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance.

Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of the A) assistance of China and India. B) lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance. C) unhappiness of many of the Philippine people with Muslim rule. D) desire of the island chiefdoms to enter into a treaty with the Spanish. E) eagerness of many islanders to convert to Christianity.

D) dominating the spice trade through the Sunda Strait.

The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on A) establishing settler colonies. B) establishing a Dutch reform mission to counter the Catholic presence in the Philippines. C) building a plantation society on the island of Java. D) dominating the spice trade through the Sunda Strait. E) All these answers are correct.

C) direct government supervision.

The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all of the following advantages EXCEPT A) funds to outfit ships and hire crews. B) commodities and money for trade. C) direct government supervision. D) the potential for tremendous profits. E) heavily armed ships to back up their demands.

A) carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines.

The Manila galleons were noted for A) carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines. B) supporting imperial communication, since they were small and swift. C) dominating the trans-Atlantic slave trade. D) defeating the Portuguese in Southeast Asia. E) All these answers are correct.

B) a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants.

The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasco da Gama offered European merchants A) a chance to trade with Muslim intermediaries. B) a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants. C) quicker access to the slave trade of west Africa. D) proof that the earth was round. E) None of these answers is correct.

E) Russia

Which of the following was NOT a significant presence in the Indian Ocean by the mid-eighteenth century? A) Britain B) France C) the Netherlands D) Portugal E) Russia

D) Japan and spices

Which region is NOT correctly paired with a primary trade good? A) Brazil and sugar B) south Africa and wheat C) India and cotton D) Japan and spices E) Peru and silver

C) Hormuz and England

Which trading post is NOT correctly paired with a European power? A) Goa and Portugal B) Manila and Spain C) Hormuz and England D) Batavia and the Netherlands E) Cape Town and the Netherlands