Chapter 22 Quiz
The cow Bos primigenius (which is farmed for meat and milk) has a smaller brain and larger eyes than closely related species of wild ungulates. Which of the following statements best describes the process that led to differences between domesticated/farmed cows and their wild relatives?
Artificial selection resulted in changes in the lineage leading to domesticated cows because humans wanted animals with high milk output and high muscle content.
Which of the following statements best describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
Darwin's theory emphasized that populations vary and change over time.
Which of these conditions do NOT occur in populations evolving due to natural selection?
Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
Which of the following statements best describes Linnaeus' method of classifying organisms?
Linnaeus grouped organisms into increasingly more inclusive categories.
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data?
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.
If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, what would be most likely to happen in environments that lack antibiotics?
These bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost the antibiotic resistance genes.
Which of the following statements is accurate if we view evolution both as a pattern and a process?
To study evolution as a pattern we draw on information from many other scientific fields, while to study evolution as a process we study factors that cause changes in populations.
Which of the following observations would provide evidence supporting Lamarck's proposed evolutionary mechanism of "inheritance of acquired characteristics"?
a decrease in tail length in dogs after 20 generations of dogs that had their tails docked (cut off) as puppies
Which of the following ideas of Charles Darwin was most derived from his reading of Malthus's essay on human population growth?
he ability of all species to over reproduce
After a drought in 1977, researchers hypothesized that on the Galápagos Island Daphne Major, medium ground finches with large, deep beaks survived better than those with smaller beaks because they could more easily crack and eat the tough Tribulus cistoides fruits. A tourist company sets up reliable feeding stations with a variety of bird seeds (different types and sizes) so that tourists can get a better look at the finches. Which of the following events is now most likely to occur to finch beaks on this island?
increased variation in beak size and shape over time
