CHAPTER 22 TEST #2
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________. A 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick B between 5 and 6 micrometers thick C at least 3 micrometers thick D The thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange.
A 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick
Which of the following statements about the pleurae is NOT true? A The pleurae create one continuous cavity for both lungs. B The pleural lining reduces friction during ventilation. C The parietal and visceral pleura are continuous. D The visceral pleura covers the lung tissue and lines the fissures of the lung lobes.
A The pleurae create one continuous cavity for both lungs.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________. A diffusion B active transport C osmosis D filtration
A diffusion
Tidal volume is air ________. A exchanged during normal breathing B inhaled after normal inspiration C forcibly expelled after normal expiration D remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
A exchanged during normal breathing
Which of the following processes is NOT properly matched with its description? A external respiration: CO2 diffuses into the blood stream B transport of respiratory gases: hemoglobin binds O2 C pulmonary ventilation: bulk movement of gases D internal respiration: O2 diffuses out of the blood
A external respiration: CO2 diffuses into the blood stream
Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the atmospheric pressure? A intrapulmonary pressure B transpulmonary pressure C atmospheric pressure D intrapleural pressure
A intrapulmonary pressure
Hemoglobin A is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. B uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. C has five subunits. D is found in blood plasma. E is the site of cellular respiration.
A is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. A medulla and pons B pons and midbrain C upper spinal cord and medulla D midbrain and medulla
A medulla and pons
Which of the choices below is NOT a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin? A number of red blood cells B temperature C partial pressure of oxygen D partial pressure of carbon dioxide
A number of red blood cells
Which of these structures is/are NOT properly matched with one of its/their functions? A paranasal sinuses: surface for odor receptors B nasal conchae: create turbulence for incoming air C pharyngeal tonsil: immune response D nasopharynx: conduct air toward and from the larynx
A paranasal sinuses: surface for odor receptors
Which of the following is the region where the respiratory path has to cross the digestive pathway? A pharynx B larynx C trachea D esophagus
A pharynx
Which of the following cavities surround(s) the lungs alone? A pleural cavities B thoracic cavity C mediastinum D pericardial cavity
A pleural cavities
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae? A routing air and food into proper channels B increasing the mucosal surface area exposed to air C filtering, heating, and moistening incoming air during inhalation D reclaiming heat and moisture from expired air
A routing air and food into proper channels
During inhalation, A the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. B oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. C the diaphragm relaxes. D the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. E air moves up the trachea.
A the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________. A vital capacity B inspiratory capacity C tidal volume D expiratory reserve volume
A vital capacity
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. A Dalton's law B Boyle's law C Henry's law D Charles' law
B Boyle's law
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? A surfactant production B C-shaped cartilage rings C surface tension of water D pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
B C-shaped cartilage rings
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood? A chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells B as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells C chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin D as carbonic acid in the plasma
B as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
Which blood vessels supply oxygenated systemic blood to the lung tissue? A pulmonary veins B bronchial arteries C pulmonary arteries D bronchial veins
B bronchial arteries
The indentation on the medial surface of each lung through which pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave is called the __________. A base B hilum C apex D cardiac notch
B hilum
Which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs? A gas exchange B pulmonary ventilation C internal respiration D external respiration
B pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following arterial blood levels is the most powerful respiratory stimulant? A low CO2 level B rising CO2 levels C low oxygen level D arterial pH
B rising CO2 levels
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________. A replace mucus in the alveoli B secrete surfactant C trap dust and other debris D protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
B secrete surfactant
In children with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), the walls of the alveoli cling to each other and make them difficult to inflate. It is common in babies born prematurely. What cells in these infants are NOT fully developed and are NOT doing their job? A alveolar macrophages B type II alveolar cells C type I alveolar cells D endothelial cells of alveolar capillaries
B type II alveolar cells
Which of the following would NOT be helpful in identifying the left lung? A two lobes B a cardiac notch C a horizontal fissure D an oblique fissure
C a horizontal fissure
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. A respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts B atria and alveolar sacs C alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes D respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
C alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
Which of these cells would be most effective in the ingestion and disposal of microorganisms that may enter the alveoli? A type I alveolar cells B type II alveolar cells C alveolar macrophages D lymphocytes in blood circulating through the lungs
C alveolar macrophages
What structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea? A larynx B vestibular folds C epiglottis D glottis
C epiglottis
The symptoms of hyperventilation may be averted by breathing into a paper bag because it ________. A reduces brain perfusion by constricting cerebral blood vessels B lowers blood pH levels C helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood D helps retain oxygen in the blood
C helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. A warming the air before it enters B humidifying the air before it enters C interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid D protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations
C interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse? A intrapulmonary pressure B transpulmonary pressure C intrapleural pressure D atmospheric pressure
C intrapleural pressure
Emphysema can result in an ______. A increased level of carbaminohemoglobin B increased level of deoxyhemoglobin C increased likelihood of the skin of Caucasians developing a slightly blue coloration D All of the listed responses are correct.
D All of the listed responses are correct.
From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? A Bronchi B Trachea C Nose D Alveoli E Bronchioles
D Alveoli
The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________. A Henry's law B Boyle's law C Charles' law D Dalton's law
D Dalton's law
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement relating to the behavior of gases? A Each gas in a mixture diffuses down its own concentration gradient independent of other gases. B The lower the hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, the more carbon dioxide the blood can carry. C When a gas is in contact with a liquid, the gas will dissolve the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. D The volume of a gas and the pressure on it are directly proportional. As pressure increases, volume increases.
D The volume of a gas and the pressure on it are directly proportional. As pressure increases, volume increases.
Which of the following is/are part(s) of the respiratory zone structures? A terminal bronchioles B primary bronchi C trachea D alveoli
D alveoli
Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? A as carbon monoxide in plasma B as bicarbonate ion in plasma C chemically bound to hemoglobin D dissolved in plasma
D dissolved in plasma
After blood becomes oxygenated, A it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. B it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. C it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. D it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. E it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen.
D it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A solubility in water B the temperature C molecular weight and size of the gas molecule D partial pressure gradient
D partial pressure gradient
Which muscles are activated during forced expiration? A the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles B the scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor muscles C the diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles D the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles
D the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles
Which volumes are combined to provide the inspiratory capacity? A tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) B tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV) C expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV) D tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
D tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. A the Haldane effect B chloride shifting C the Bohr effect D ventilation-perfusion coupling
D ventilation-perfusion coupling
Which statement is correct? A Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. B As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated. C Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. D Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. E In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.
E In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.