Chapter 23- GI

Match each term with its definition. Digestion Mechanical breakdown Absorption

- Digestion: the process of breaking down macromolecules into smaller units that can be absorbed by the body - Mechanical breakdown: the physical digestion of food, primarily in the oral cavity - Absorption: the process of taking in nutrients from the digestive tract

Identify the factors that directly control digestive processes. endocrine signals olfactory signals autonomic neural input enteric neural input

- endocrine signals - enteric neural input - autonomic neural input

Which are components of bile? hydrochloric acid carboxypeptidase chymotrypsinogen cholesterol bile salts

-bilirubin -bile salts -cholesterol

Complete the sentences about chemical digestion with the appropriate terms. Some of the terms may be used more than once. 1.Carbohydrate digestion begins in the with the enzyme . 2.Protein digestion begins in the with the enzyme . 3.Nucleic acid digestion begins in the with the enzyme . 4.Fat digestion begins in the with the enzyme .

1. mouth, salivary amylase 2. stomach, pepsin 3.small intestine, pancreatic nuclease 4.small intestine, pancreatic lipase

Match each type of tooth with its appropriate function. Cutting Tearing Grinding

Cutting: incisors Tearing: Cuspid Grinding: premolars, molars,bicuspid

Place the phases of swallowing in order, starting with food being placed in the mouth and ending with the bolus entering the stomach. Food ingestion Bolus enters stomach

Food ingestion buccal phasepharyngeal phaseesophageal phasebolus Bolus enters stomach

Match each term with its definition. Ingestion Defecation Propulsion

Ingestion: the process of consuming food or drink Defecation: the process of eliminating solid waster products and residues of digestion Propulsion: the movement of food or chyme through the digestive tract

Classify each organ as intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal. Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal

Intraperitoneal: stomach ileum transverse colon liver Retroperitoneal: duodenum pancreas ascending colon rectum

Place the organs that are part of the gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal) in order from mouth to anus. Not all answer choices will be placed. Mouth Anus

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus Not used: Pancreas, trachea, liver, larynx

Match each description with the appropriate salivary gland secretion. Mucus Lysozyme Salivary amylase

Mucus: binds and lubricates the food bolus Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria Salivary amylase: enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth

Match each enzyme function with the corresponding pancreatic enzyme. Pancreatic amylase Pancreatic lipase Ribonuclease

Pancreatic amylase: breaks down starch into oliogosaccharides and disaccharides Pancreatic lipase: breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides Ribonuclease: breaks down RNA into nucleotides

Match each function with the appropriate gastric secretion. Pepsin Gastric lipase Intrinsic factor Hydrochloric acid

Pepsin: enzyme that digests dietary protein Gastric lipase: enzyme that digests dietary fat Intrinsic factor: glycoprotein essential for the absorptions of vitamin b12 Hydrochloric acid: activates digestive enzymes

Match each description with the appropriate term. Peristalsis Segmentation Migrating motor complex

Peristalsis: contractions that move chyme along the small intestine during digestion Segmentation: contractions that split and mix chyme being digested in the small intestine Migrating motor complex: contractions between meals that move residual chyme from the intestine

What is the function of the appendix? The appendix has lymphatic tissue that facilitates immune responses. The appendix stores and secretes bile for lipid digestion. The appendix is the primary site for nutrient absorption. The appendix secretes mucus that protects the intestinal walls.

The appendix has lymphatic tissue that facilitates immune responses.

Which is the best definition of chylomicrons? fatty droplets removed from large globules of triglycerides by bile salts and transported to the lymphatic system enzymes synthesized in the intestines that transport cholesterol and fat‑soluble vitamins into epithelial cells water‑soluble lipoproteins synthesized from triglycerides in epithelial cells and transported to the lymphatic system fatty droplets containing lecithin that transport cholesterol and fat‑soluble vitamins into epithelial cells

Water- soluble lipoproteins synthesized from triglycerides in epithelial cells and transported to the lymphatic system

Which process is an example of mechanical processing? chewing food into smaller pieces lingual lipase breaking down lipids swallowing a bolus of food producing saliva to moisten food

chewing food into smaller pieces

Choose the correct term for the first set of teeth an infant develops. premolars secondary dentition deciduous teeth permanent dentition

deciduous teeth

Which muscle is directly involved in defecation and is under voluntary control? internal anal sphincter external anal sphincter diaphragm coccygeus

external anal sphincter

What is the digestive function of the liver? filtration of blood production of amylase production of bile storage of bile

production of bile

What is the function of the pharynx? allows for vocalization diverts food and air into respective tracts provides a passageway for food and air provides a passageway for air only

provides a passageway for food and air

Identify the stimulus that causes the ileocecal sphincter to relax and open. presence of highly acidic (pH<2) stomach contents release of gastrin by the stomach release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla release of somatostatin by the stomach

release of gastrin by the stomach

What is the function of a lacteal? take up micelles into the bloodstream take up dietary electrolytes into the lymphatic system take up dietary amino acids into the bloodstream take up dietary lipids into the lymphatic system

take up dietary lipids into the lymphatic system

Which of the statements describes the alimentary canal? the section of the digestive tract that is involved with absorption of nutrients the gastrointestinal tract and the organs of the digestive system the passageway through which food travels, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus the path that food travels from the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine

the passageway through which food travels, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus

What is the function of the hepatic portal circulation? transports deoxygenated, nutrient‑rich blood to the liver, which processes blood contents conveys oxygenated, nutrient‑rich blood to the liver, which enables efficient liver function drains deoxygenated, nutrient‑poor blood from the kidneys, which remove metabolic waste from blood supplies oxygenated, nutrient‑poor blood to the stomach and intestines, which absorb additional nutrients

transports deoxygenated, nutrient‑rich blood to the liver, which processes blood contents

Select the chemical that converts procarboxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase. secretin insulin trypsin pepsin

trypsin