Chapter 23 Mastering A+P
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is A. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere. B. greater than intraalveolar pressure. C. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere. D. less than intrapulmonic pressure. E. less than the pressure in the atmosphere.
A.
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces A. phonation. B. speech. C. ululation. D. articulation. E. whistling.
A.
Carbon dioxide and water combine to form A. carbonic acid. B. oxygen. C. nitric acid. D. carbaminohemoglobin. E. hydrochloric acid.
A.
During swallowing, the A. epiglottis is depressed. B. glottis closes. C. intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract. D. extrinsic laryngeal muscles contract. E. All of the answers are correct.
A.
The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are: A. alveoli. B. interlobular septa. C. pleural spaces. D. bronchioles. E. terminal bronchioles.
A.
The respiratory centers are located in __________. A. both the medulla oblongata and the pons B. the pons only C. the medulla oblongata only D. the hypothalamus
A.
The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B. surfactant cells. C. moist cuboidal epithelium. D. simple squamous epithelium. E. ciliated squamous epithelium.
A.
The vocal folds are located within the A. larynx. B. oropharynx. C. nasopharynx. D. bronchi. E. trachea.
A.
When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that A. they are equal. B. atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. C. atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. D. intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. E. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.
A.
Which of the following serves as a passageway for BOTH food or liquids and air? A. pharynx B. trachea C. larynx D. bronchus
A.
Which of these changes will decrease the effectiveness of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane? A. increased thickness of the respiratory membrane B. increased difference in partial pressures C. increased number of alveoli D. All of these changes will decrease the effectiveness of gas exchange across the respiratory membranes.
A.
As air moves from the nasal cavity to the glottis it passes through the pharynx in this order, __________. A. oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx B. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx C. laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx D. laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
B.
Alveolar ventilation refers to the A. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. B. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. C. utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism. D. movement of air into and out of the alveoli. E. movement of air into and out of the lungs.
D.
Boyle's law states gas pressure is: A. independent of temperature B. inversely proportional to temperature C. directly proportional to volume D. inversely proportional to volume
D.
During inhalation: A. oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. B. the diaphragm relaxes. C. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. D. the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. E. air moves up the trachea.
D.
Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from A. genetic mutation in cilia production. B. laryngospasm. C. excessive mucus secretions in the trachea. D. thick secretions that are difficult to transport. E. lack of neural control of respiration.
D.
Hemoglobin: A. has five subunits. B. uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. C. is the site of cellular respiration. D. is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. E is found in blood plasma.
D.
Henry's law states that A. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. B. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. C. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. D. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. E. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.
D.
If the production of surfactant by type II alveolar cells (septal cells) is inadequate, which of these changes is expected? A. increased inspiratory effort B. alveolar collapse C. respiratory distress syndrome D. All of these changes can be expected if the production of surfactant is inadequate.
D.
Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will A. decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. B. hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases. C. decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. D. decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. E. increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
D.
Stimulation of the apneustic center would result in: A. increased respiratory rate. B. a shorter respiratory cycle. C. decreased vital capacity. D. more intense inhalation. E. less activity in the DRG center.
D.
The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. A. esophagus B. windpipe C. trachea D. pharynx E. right mainstem bronchus
D.
The auditory tubes open into the A. nasal cavity. B. larynx. C. oropharynx. D. nasopharynx. E. laryngopharynx.
D.
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the A. larynx. B. trachea. C. vestibule. D. pharynx. E. glottis.
D.
The respiratory mucosa consists of A. fibrocartilage. B. dense irregular connective. C. stratified squamous cells. D. epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue. E. All of the answers are correct.
D.
The term hypercapnia refers to A. labored breathing. B. an increase in pH. C. the cessation of breathing. D. elevated PCO2. E. elevated PO2.
D.
Which of the following structures is commonly referred to as the Adam's apple? A. cricothyroid ligament B. corniculate cartilage C. thyrohyoid ligament D. laryngeal prominence
D.
Which of the following structures or organs is NOT part of the upper respiratory system? A. internal nares B. nasal conchae C. pharynx D. larynx
D.
Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is A. anoxia. B. emphysema. C. pneumothorax. D. COPD. E. pulmonary embolism.
E.
Carbonic anhydrase A. can decrease the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. B. is in RBCs. C. is an enzyme. D. can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. E. All of the answers are correct.
E.
External respiration involves the A. binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. B. movement of air into and out of the lungs. C. utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism. D. exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid. E. diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.
E.
Pulmonary ventilation refers to the A. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. B. movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. C. utilization of oxygen. D. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. E. movement of air into and out of the lungs.
E.
The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the? A. bronchus. B. laryngopharynx. C. alveolar duct. D. bronchiole. E. trachea.
E.
The unit of measurement for pressure preferred by many respiratory therapists is A. cm H2O. B. psi. C. mm Hg. D. centigrade. E. torr.
E.
Dalton's law states that A. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. B. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. C. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. D. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. E. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.
B.
The Hering-Breuer reflex A. alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO2 changes. B. protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation. C. functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure. D. alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO2 changes. E. is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing.
B.
The apneustic centers of the pons A. alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. B. provide stimulation to the inspiratory center. C. generate the gasp reflex. D. inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. E. monitor blood gas levels.
B.
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the A. respiratory mucosa. B. lower respiratory tract. C. alveoli of the respiratory tract. D. upper respiratory tract. E. internal respiratory tract.
B.
The pneumotaxic center of the pons: A. sets the at-rest respiratory pattern. B. modifies the rate and depth of breathing. C. stimulates the dorsal respiratory group. D. prolongs inspiration. E. suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.
B.
What is the name of the respiratory tract passageway that leads directly into each lung? A. larynx B. bronchus C. trachea D. bronchiole
B.
Which of the following forms a lid over the glottis? A. thyroid cartilage B. epiglottis C. arytenoid cartilage D. cricoid cartilage
B.
Which statement is correct? A. As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated. B. In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. C. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. D. Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. E. Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells
B.
After blood becomes oxygenated: A. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. B. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. C. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. D. it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. E. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen.
C.
Asthma is: A. an obstructive tumor. B. a collapsed lung. C. an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways. D. caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. E. characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.
C.
From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? A. Bronchi B. Nose C. Alveoli D. Bronchioles E. Trachea
C.
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because A. it dries out the mouth. B. less resistance to flow. C.it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air. D. bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity. E. it combines olfaction with respiration.
C.
Most oxygen is transported in the blood stream while it is __________. A. bound to carbon dioxide B. dissolved in the plasma C. bound to hemoglobin D. bound to albumin
C.
The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of: A. surfactant cells. B. ciliated squamous epithelium. C. simple squamous epithelium. D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. E. moist cuboidal epithelium.
C.
Which of the following is the largest laryngeal cartilage? A. cricoid cartilage B. epiglottis C. thyroid cartilage D. arytenoid cartilage
C.
________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume. A. Inspiratory capacity B. Expiratory reserve volume C. Inspiratory reserve volume D. Residual inhaled volume E. Enhanced tidal volume
C.
is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. A. Inspiratory reserve volume B. Residual volume C. Tidal volume D. Inspiratory capacity E. Expiratory reserve volume
C.