Chapter 24 - 32 Test Review

To assess a patient's general body temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

blood-clotting abnormalities

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation

The __________ contains about 75% of the brain's total volume.

cerebrum

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

clavicle

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood

Air bags are designed to

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

What would most likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

deformed steering wheel

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain do not include:

deformity

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

globe

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

If you do not have the appropriate-size cervical collar, you should:

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

vasoconstriction and shivering

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is most likely responsible for his back pain?

energy transmission to the spine

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

An __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

epiphyseal

It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

follow appropriate standard precautions

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding

The cervical spine is most protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is most likely causing his nosebleed today?

high blood pressure

Peritonitis usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patient's rectum

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):

intracerebral hematoma

A laceration:

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected

The cricoid cartilage:

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must be able to evaporate from the body

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes:

keeping the leg at the level of the heart

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a shop

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the:

liver

What organ or structure does not reside within the mediastinum?

lungs

The lower jawbone is called the:

mandible

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

neurovascular compromise

During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention

The _______ nerves control the diaphragm.

phrenic

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to bother of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be most suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

radiation

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of the skin

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

retina

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera

You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious and alert, and is actively shivering. His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is most likely:

secondary to the decreased perfusion in the extremeties

A 20-year-old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect:

separation of the acromioclavicular joint

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock

Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?

shoulder fracture

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is most important for you to:

stabilize her entire spine

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:

sweating and vasodilation

During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

the 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection

Heat stroke occurs when:

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent

What body system or component is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:

the nerve endings have been destroyed

A female patient with a suspected head injury has slow, shallow breathing. The most appropriate treatment for her includes:

ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere

The mastoid process is located approximately:

1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

90

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:

a detached retina

The mesentery is:

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

a relatively small surface area

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:

after assessing distal neurovascular functions

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an alercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound

Doing your assessment of a patient with a blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

The ________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing