chapter 24

Head of a King (Oni), Ife culture, Nigeria. ca. 13th century. Brass, height 11-7⁄16".

-scarification -head is casted out of brass to retain the naturalistic features that are part of original - made as a portrait - head was attached to a full body sculpture later on - representation of their beauty to be an example for others.

conceptual art

a form of art in which the idea presented by the artist is considered more important than the finished product

performance art

a form of art, popular especially since the late 1960s, that includes not only the physical space but also the human activity that goes on within it

Ana Mendieta, Untitled, 1976. From Silueta Works in Mexico. 1973-77. Color photograph from a series of 12.

- Mendieta came to US when she was 12 from Cuba as a refugee - Professional art career started with her making art about the tramas in her life. - Most of her work like this one were meant to be temporary. - Basic human body so everyone could relate both men and women -

Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair. 1940.

- holding scissors with hair on floor as if she just cut her hair. -main feature of the work is the hair all around her -looks like of alive (the hair on the ground) -lyrics from a song, people in Mexico would know the reference to a folk song-- story about a man loving a woman then she cuts her hair and he falls out of love -long hair in the song is a symbol of feminity and to be worthy of love -using her hair to reference her personal life -this wasn't the first time she represented herself as masculine (family photo)

Frida Kahlo, Las Dos Fridas (The Two Fridas).1939. Oil on canvas

-Frids Kahlo when she was 18, survived a fatal car crash. Changed her life a lot couldn't go to class and stuff so she started to paint. Had 32 major surgeries. - Features herself often as main subject in her painting. - this has two portraits of herself wearing to differernt types of clothing representing two different culture. - Anitomical heart painting on the outside showing that she was in a very emotional state. -The heart connecting them physically and mentally - very detailed it is what she actually looked right

Woman of Willendorf.ca. 25,000-20,000 BCE. Limestone, height 4-1/2"

-Willendorf is city in australia - pre historic work, over 20000 years old - No specific author or title - representing reproductive parts of women body - body ability to survive without food and water - non reproductive parts of body are less noticable -very small object (4.5 inch) to be portable to move with people. -limestone, carving -belly button is a natural mark in stone, not actually created by artist -

Barbara Kruger, Untitled (We won't play nature to your culture). 1983. Photograph, 6 × 4'.

-conceptual art -male gaze - photograph was appropriated, meaning they are recreating it they did not make it it already existed. - she is communicating that men are often as the producer of the culture and the women are often seen as the natural thing in culture. she used the word "we" she is giving the female figure a voice saying that we are all equal

Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait with the Portrait of Dr. Farill. 1951.

-dr. farill conducted 9 spinal surgeries on Frida in the year leading up to her finishing this portrait -they had a very close relationship -in this painting she is still wearing these clothes and in the same wheelchair same easel, her tools in one hand and artist pallet in other hand taking on an anatomical part

Frida Kahlo home studio (above) and painting in bed (right), c 1940

-house she was born in and where she died -now it is an art museum dedicated to her with her artwork, objects she collected, along with clothes and her corsets -wheelchair is where she spent the last decade of her life and an easel -she grinned her own colors -mirror because she would look at herself and then paint herself -bed where she was bed ridden

Marina Abramović, The House with the Ocean View—Nov. 22 9:54 am, 2002. November 15-26, 2002. Sean Kelly Gallery, New York.

-performance art - one of founding artist of performance art. - most of her work uses her own body, putting body through extremes - interaction with the viewer - this performance lasted for 12 days. 24 hours a day lived in this gallery. - didn't eat food only had water. -didn't talk, would only do basic things necessary for survival. - she wanted the viewer to note that she was isolated. she wanted to call attention to these basic things we do everyday without even realize we are doing it.

Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Human Proportion: The Vitruvian Man.ca. 1492.

-proportion - new representation of male body - 2 positions ( static stance and a extended stance) - ideal proportion of body was based on ancient roman text with mathematical proportions of human body. -ex: ( the width of 4 fingers should be equal to width of palm of hand) -

Frida Kahlo, The Broken Column. 1944

-she underwent spinal surgery from the effects of the bus crash -she was confined to a bed and had to wear a corset she had to wear for the rest of her life -next to her work these corsets are on display -shows how she felt about the course -where there should be a spinal column there is a marble column -showing herself as vulnerable -tears down her checks -has nails all over body representing her constant pain through her adult life -paints herself because she is always alone -shows her isolation and loneliness

Tehuana

a woman from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the SE Mexico region of Oaxaca; a matriarchcal society where property is passed from mother to daughers

male gaze

concept coined in 1975 by scholar and film critic, Laura Mulvey; refers to the way visual arts are structured around a male heterosexual viewer - women almost always projected as a sexual object on film to attract the horny male viewer.

scarification

decorative effects made by scarring the body

proportion

in any composition, the relationship between the parts to each other and to the whole

Marina Abramović, The Artist Is Present, Performance, 3 months. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2010

performance art - 3 months, longest lasting solo live performance - sat at a chair 7 hours a day at the gallery and anybody in the audience could go sit in front of her and make uninterrupted eye contact for as long as they like. - inspired by eye contact with total stangers