Chapter 24 HW Mastering Physics
What produces plunging folds?
a combination of folding and tilting
What is a syncline?
a fold shaped like a right-side-up U
What is an anticline?
a fold shaped like an upside-down U
What does the term plunging fold mean?
a fold that is tilted down into Earth
About what percentage is in groundwater?
about 20%
Part complete Approximately what percentage of Earth's fresh water is frozen in ice caps and glaciers?
about 80%
What percentage of the world's glacial ice is included in the Antarctic Ice Sheet?
about 90%
Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?
as ice at Earth's surface
Earth Sciences 4 Where is most of Earth`s fresh water found?
as ice at Earth`s surface
What are the three different types of volcanoes? Check the three options that apply.
cinder cones shield volcanoes composite volcanoes
Part complete Which type of force causes folding?
compressional force
Which type of force is responsible for reverse fault formation?
compressional force
Name four types of mountains, classified by common structural features. Check the four options that apply.
fault-block mountains folded mountains volcano upwarped mountains
What is a fault?
fractures along which rocks move
What is the water that resides in the saturated zone called?
groundwater
Where is most of Earth's fresh water?
ice caps and glaciers
Where is most of Earth's water?
in the oceans
About what percentage is in streams and lakes?
less 1%
Earth Sciences13 The Earth`s crust is thicker beneath a mountain because
mountains sink until the upward buoyant force balances the downward gravitational force
Where are all the pore spaces in rocks and sediments filled with water?
saturation zone
Which type of force is responsible for normal strike-slip formation?
shear force
Which type of fault has NO vertical motion of rocks associated with it?
strike-slip fault
Which type of force is responsible for normal fault formation?
tensional force
Earth Sciences 3 Which ocean is Earth`s largest?
the Pacific Ocean
Which ocean is Earth's largest?
the Pacific Ocean
What are rocks below and above a fault called?
the footwall below and the hanging wall above
Describe the overall topography of the ocean floor.
It is varied, featuring expansive flat areas (abyssal plains) but also towering seamounts and trenches
What is Earth's highest point?
Mt. Everest
Earth Sciences16 What percentage of the Earth is covered with ocean?
71%
How high is it?
8848 m
What percentage does the salt water make up of the water on Earth based on the data in the following figure.
97.6%
What percentage of it resides there?
97.6%
What happens to rainwater when it falls to Earth?
About 75% of it evaporates immediately; most of the rest soaks into the ground; whatever is left becomes runoff.
Give an example of upwarped mountains. Check the two options that apply.
Adirondack Mountains of New York
Why should everyday citizens care about faults?
All these facts about faults are important for everyday citizens.
How much of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans?
Almost all of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans.
What does the hydrologic cycle describe?
The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.
What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did NOT occur?
The oceans would become smaller.
How deep is it?
11033 m
Imagine a fold has been eroded to a flat surface. In general, how would you know whether this fold is plunging?
Nonplunging folds look like straight lines at the surface, and plunging folds look like wavy lines.
How does water get from the oceans onto land?
Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain.
What is the difference between a plain and a plateau?
Plateaus are elevated more than 600 m above sea level while plains are not desribed by elevation.
Imagine a syncline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?
Rocks would be oldest on the edges and youngest in the middle.
Imagine an anticline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?
Rocks would be youngest on the edges and oldest in the middle.
Give an example of a volcano
Sunset Crater
Give an example of the folded mountains.
The Appalachians
What is Earth's lowest point?
The Mariana Trench
Where are most of the volcanoes on Earth located?
The Ring of Fire encircles much of the Pacific Ocean.
Give an example of fault-block mountains.
The Sierra Nevada in California
What would happen to atmospheric water if Earth were mostly covered with land?
The atmosphere would contain less water.