Chapter 25: Reproductive System

The typical (diploid) cells of the body have 46 chromosomes; how many chromosomes does each gamete have? A) 23 B) 46 C) 46 pairs D) 184

A) 23

Which structure develops into the umbilical cord? A) body stalk B) chorionic villi C) decidua capsularis D) placenta

A) body stalk

The acrosomal reaction occurs A) just before fertilization. B) during meiosis of the sperm. C) during spermiogenesis. D) during placentation.

A) just before fertilization.

All of the following are located within the spermatic cord except the A) superficial inguinal ring. B) ductus deferens. C) pampiniform plexus. D) testicular artery.

A) superficial inguinal ring.

This multinucleate embryonic structure invades the uterus, digesting cells and maternal blood vessels to make way for development of the placenta. A) syncytiotrophoblast B) morula C) inner cell mass D) decidua basalis E) decidua capsularis

A) syncytiotrophoblast

Which testicular cells help deliver sperm to the epididymis by contracting rhythmically? A) interstitial B) myoid C) sustentocytes D) type A spermatocytes

B) myoid

Fingerlike placental structures where oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood supply diffuse into the embryonic blood. A) syncytiotrophoblast B) allantois C) amnion D) chorionic villi E) extraembryonic membrane

D) chorionic villi

Which of the following organs does not contribute secretion(s) during the male sexual response? A) prostate B) seminal vesicles C) bulbourethral glands D) corpus cavernosum

D) corpus cavernosum

In the early fetus, all of the following are parts of the chorionic villi except the A) syncytiotrophoblast. B) cytotrophoblast. C) extraembryonic mesoderm. D) decidua.

D) decidua.

Of the following tubes, which is the only one that lies partly outside the testis? A) tubulus rectus B) seminiferous tubule C) rete testis D) efferent ductule

D) efferent ductule

This layer of the uterus contracts during parturition to expel the baby. A) perimetrium B) stratum functionalis C) stratum basalis D) myometrium E) endometrium

D) myometrium

Cremaster muscle

Muscle that pulls the scrotum closer to the body in cold temperatures and relaxes to let the testicles be farther away from the body in warmer weather

Orgasm of female

Muscles of uterine wall and fallopian tubes contract rhythmically

birth control pill

Only endometrium is shed

Although the ovaries and uterine tubes are retroperitoneal, oocytes are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity.

True

Oogenesis takes years to complete.

True

What are the layers of uterus?

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

meiosis

haploid number

implantation of embryo in uterus, embryo secretes what?

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Labia minora

inner lips

What hormone triggers ovulation?

luteinizing hormone

Interstitial cells in testes

make and secrete testosterone

What are the 3 layers of vagina

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Hymen

near vagina's external opening, vascular, may bleed when ruptured at first sexual intercourse

What makes Mucosa(Innner Layer)

of stratified squamous epithelium

Vasectomy

removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male

Dartos muscle

responsible for wrinkling of scrotal skin

Scrotumq

sac of skin contains paired testes

A factor that propels an oocyte through the uterine tube is A) pressure exerted by ovarian fluid. B) smooth muscle contraction (peristalsis). C) secretions of the nonciliated cells. D) amoeboid motion of the oocyte.

B) smooth muscle contraction (peristalsis).

The epithelium lining the vagina is A) simple columnar. B) stratified squamous. C) pseudostratified columnar. D) simple squamous.

B) stratified squamous.

The vaginal fornix A) is in the superior part of the vestibule. B) surrounds the tip of the cervix. C) is in the middle layer of the vaginal wall. D) surrounds the external vaginal orifice.

B) surrounds the tip of the cervix.

Which of the following is the primary sex organ in the male? A) the prostate B) the testis C) the epididymis D) the penis

B) the testis

In addition to remaining granulosa cells, which of the following cell types make up the corpus luteum? A) oocyte B) theca cells C) cells of the corona radiata D) interstitial cells

B) theca cells

Tubular organ that is transected during a vasectomy. A) epididymis B) rete testis C) ductus deferens D) spermatic cord E) pampiniform plexus

C) ductus deferens

Erection is caused by A) a jointed bone in the penis that unfolds. B) the penis filling up with semen that is about to be ejaculated. C) erectile bodies filling with blood. D) impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.

C) erectile bodies filling with blood.

The deep inguinal ring is formed by A) extension of the external oblique muscle. B) extension of the internal oblique muscle. C) fascia layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle. D) cremaster muscle.

C) fascia layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle.

The cells that secrete estrogens in females are A) oocytes. B) cells in the pituitary gland. C) granulosa cells. D) germinal epithelium of the ovary.

C) granulosa cells.

The embryonic urethral folds develop into the female A) bulb of the vestibule. B) labia majora. C) labia minora. D) urethra.

C) labia minora.

Which of the following anchors the uterus into an anteverted position in the pelvis? A) broad ligament B) ovarian ligament C) round ligament D) suspensory ligament

C) round ligament

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, these vessels grow and proliferate. A) arcuate arteries B) radial arteries C) spiral arteries D) straight arteries

C) spiral arteries

Prostaglandins

stimulates uterus to contract to help move sperm into female's reproductive tract suppress female's immune response against semen

What does the epididymis do?

stores sperm.nourishes immature sperm cells

seminal Vesicles

two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move

Placenta develops and secrete what?

Estrogen and projestorne

One ejaculatio

1 teaspoon of semen

One ejaculation from a bull typically contains ________ sperm

100 million sperm

What are the 3 columns of erectile tissue?

2 corpora cavernosa 1 corpus spongiosum

Inguinal hernias A) always reach the scrotum. B) always enter the inguinal canal. C) occur with equal frequency in males and females. D) are signs of old age and almost never congenital.

B) always enter the inguinal canal.

The fluid-filled cavity in a mature ovarian follicle is known as A) zona pellucidum. B) antrum. C) corona radiate. D) theca folliculi. E) granulaosa cells.

B) antrum.

The seminal vesicles A) store sperm. B) are glands that secrete most of the volume of the semen. C) secrete digestive enzymes when cancerous. D) empty into the epididymis.

B) are glands that secrete most of the volume of the semen.

The largest macroscopic region of the uterus is its A) fundus. B) body. C) cervix. D) fornix.

B) body.

The placenta consists of which two structures? A) chorionic villi and amnion B) chorionic villi and decidua basalis C) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast D) decidua basalis and decidua capsularis

B) chorionic villi and decidua basalis

Sperm become motile in the A) ductus deferens. B) epididymis. C) seminiferous tubules. D) prostate.

B) epididymis.

By undergoing meiosis, each primary spermatocyte ultimately gives rise to how many sperm cells? A) two B) four C) eight D) billions

B) four

The zona pellucida A) is the portion of the placenta in which maternal blood contacts fetal tissues. B) is a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur. C) is the region of the uterine tube where fertilization occurs. D) is the remnant of the vesicular follicle that becomes the corpus luteum.

B) is a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur.

Three types of ligaments

Broad Ovarian Suspensory ligament

In the late stages of pregnancy, the placental barrier of the chorionic villi consists only of which two layers? A) decidua capsularis and decidua basalis B) syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast C) syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium D) cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm

C) syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium

semen

Consists of sperm cells and secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands

What controls the sperm production?

Controlled by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from anterior part of pituitary gland and testosterone from testes

What layer of uterus gets shed

Endometrium

What does testosterone do to

Enlargement of testes Stimulates body hair growth larynx enlarges (voice box), voice lowers, deepens Muscle growth increases Stimulates sexual desires

What are accessory sex organs

Epididymis Vas (or ductus) deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Bulbourethral Gland

Bulbo-urethral glands

Mucus neutralizes traces of acidic urine and, Lubricates spongy urethra to smooth passage of semen

Ovaries are held by what

Ligaments

Prostate Gland

Secrete thin, milky fluid, enhances sperm motility, lubrication

What are the layers of ovary

cortex and medulla

What does Ovary produce at puberty?

estrogen and projestrone

spermatic cord

extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle

Where does egg and sperm meet

fallopian tube uterine tube oviduct

where fertilization occurs,

fallopian tubes

Clitoris

female erectile tissue

Tip of corpus spongiosum is --------, is covered by ------------------

glans penis-prepuce (or foreskin) (circumcised)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary signals secretion of

testosterone

What does Fimbrae do

'carry' expelled ovum into uterine tube to uterus

What makes Muscularis of Vagina

(smooth muscle)

Ovarian medulla Contains

Loose connective tissue, contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph cells

vestibule

Space btwn two labia minora Vestibular glands secrete mucus into vestibule during sexual stimulation

Birth Control pill

Stimulate high level of progesterone and estrogen. inhibit the pituitary gland to release FSH AND LH

Function of Placental estrogen and progesterone:

Stimulates uterine lining to develop Inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of LH and FSH Stimulates development of MAMMARY GLANDS Inhibits uterine contraction (progesterone does) Enlarges reproductive organs (estrogen does)

Granulosa cells of a maturing ovarian follicle convert androgens to estrogens that will stimulate proliferation of the endometrium.

True

Where luteinizng hormone come from?

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

What makes adventitia layer of vagina

fibrous connective tissue

Labia majora

outer lips

What is female gonads

ovaries

The structural basis of the blood-testis barrier is A) the basal lamina around the seminiferous tubules. B) the endothelial cells of the continuous (nonfenestrated) capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules. C) the tight junctions between sustentocytes. D) the thick basal lamina around the capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules.

C) the tight junctions between sustentocytes.

In which part of the uterine tube does fertilization usually occur? A) ampulla B) isthmus C) infundibulum D) It doesn't occur in the uterine tubes.

D) It doesn't occur in the uterine tubes.

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is incorrect? A) It can lead to sterility. B) It is usually caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea. C) It includes salpingitis. D) It inhibits ovulation.

D) It inhibits ovulation.

Which of the following events occurs when the testes do not descend before birth? A) Male sex hormones will not circulate in the body. B) Sperm will have no route of exit from the body. C) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes. D) Viable sperm will not be produced.

D) Viable sperm will not be produced.

The function of the cremaster muscle is to A) squeeze semen from the urethra during ejaculation. B) maintain erection in both sexes. C) increase intra-abdominal pressure during childbirth. D) alter the position of the testes in the scrotal sac with increases in ambient temperature.

D) alter the position of the testes in the scrotal sac with increases in ambient temperature.

Fertilization of the ovum normally occurs in this region of the oviduct. A) isthmus B) fimbriae C) infundibulum D) ampulla E) intrauterine portion

D) ampulla

A woman's sex cells (germ cells) originate embryologically A) in the innermost part of the gonad. B) from the germinal epithelium of the ovary. C) from the follicular cells of the follicles. D) from yolk sac endoderm.

D) from yolk sac endoderm.

Type of cell in the testes that produces testosterone. A) spermatogonium B) primary spermatocyte C) spermatid D) interstitial E) sustentocytes

D) interstitial

Most support of the uterus is provided by the A) mesometrium. B) round ligament. C) cardinal ligament. D) muscles of the pelvic floor.

D) muscles of the pelvic floor.

The correct sequence of sperm-transporting tubules that transport spermatozoa to the epididymis is the A) seminiferous tubule to efferent ductule to straight tubule to rete testis. B) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to straight tubule to efferent ductule. C) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule to straight tubule. D) seminiferous tubule to straight tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule.

D) seminiferous tubule to straight tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule.

Sperm are moved into the epididymis from the testis by A) swimming under their own power. B) gravity. C) suction. D) testicular fluid moved by cilia and smooth muscle cells.

D) testicular fluid moved by cilia and smooth muscle cells.

A difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that A) one has an antrum and the other does not. B) the oocyte is larger in the primordial follicle. C) the primary follicle is an earlier stage than the primordial follicle. D) the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells.

D) the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells.

The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the A) uterus. B) peritoneal cavity. C) vagina. D) uterine tube.

D) uterine tube.

Which of the following pairs of structures is not derived from the same embryonic tissues? A) ductus deferens, uterine tube B) penis, clitoris C) spongy urethra, labia minora D) testes, ovaries

A) ductus deferens, uterine tube

The ovarian cortex consists of A) follicles and connective tissue. B) the largest blood vessels of the ovary. C) the hilus of the ovary. D) the mesovarium.

A) follicles and connective tissue.

The capillaries within a chorionic villus of the placenta contain blood A) from the fetus. B) from the mother. C) from both the fetus and the mother. D) that doesn't belong to the fetus or the mother.

A) from the fetus.

The usual site of embryo implantation is the A) uterus. B) peritoneal cavity. C) vagina. D) uterine tube.

A) uterus.

The female homologue of the male scrotum is the A) ovary. B) labia majora. C) penile urethra. D) bulb of the vestibule.

B) labia majora.

The female uterine cycle begins A) at ovulation. B) on the first day of menstruation. C) at the end of menstruation. D) every six weeks.

B) on the first day of menstruation.

Tubules that connect testicular lobules with the efferent ductules of the epididymis. A) seminiferous tubules B) rete testis C) pampiniform plexus D) ductus deferens E) straight tubules

B) rete testis

Which female structure is homologous to the corpus spongiosum of the penis? A) clitoris B) crura C) bulb of the vestibule D) labia minora

C) bulb of the vestibule

Technically, the theca folliculi is not part of the ovarian follicle, although it is associated with it. Instead, the theca folliculi arises from the A) zona pellucida. B) basal lamina around the follicle. C) connective tissue that fills the area between follicles. D) ovarian medulla

C) connective tissue that fills the area between follicles.

Involuntary contraction of this smooth muscle layer wrinkles and thickens the walls of the scrotum to prevent heat loss. A) tunica albuginea B) tunica vaginalis C) dartos muscle D) cremaster muscle E) internal spermatic fascia

C) dartos muscle

The opening of the oviduct is surrounded by these structures. A) internal os B) external os C) fimbriae D) isthmus E) cardinal ligaments

C) fimbriae

All of the following are functions of the sustentocytes in the seminiferous tubules except A) secretion of androgen-binding protein. B) secretion of testicular fluid. C) secretion of testosterone. D) phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm from spermatids during spermiogenesis.

C) secretion of testosterone.

The prepuce of the clitoris is formed by A) the fourchette. B) the hymen of the vagina. C) the labia minora. D) the mons pubis.

C) the labia minora.

At what point during fetal development is the decidua basalis/chorionic villi collectively referred to as the placenta? A) the first month B) the ninth month C) the start of fourth month D) the end of second month

C) the start of fourth month

Primordial follicles develop into primary oocytes within the germinal epithelium of the ovary.

False

Seminiferous tubules are the site of sperm storage

False

Spermatogonia are located near the lumen of seminiferous tubules.

False

The ductus deferens and uterine tube are homologous structures, each deriving from the same embryonic duct.

False

The ejaculatory ducts are formed by the union of the ductus deferens and urethra.

False

The spermatic cord is another name for the ductus deferens.

False

Week 9 is called

Fetus

All oocytes develop within sac-like structure called -----

Follicles

Spermatogenesis

Formation of sperm