Chapter 26

Cystitis is most often caused by A) Escherichia coli. B) Leptospira interrogans. C) Candida albicans. D) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. E) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A) Escherichia coli.

Most nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are caused by A) Escherichia coli. B) Enterococcus. C) Proteus. D) Klebsiella. E) Pseudomonas.

A) Escherichia coli.

Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consists primarily of A) Lactobacillus. B) Streptococcus. C) Mycobacterium. D) Neisseria. E) Candida.

A) Lactobacillus

48) There are many types of HPV, and the available vaccines don't (can't) cover all of them. However, the vaccine is still recommended for helping to control the disease caused by the virus. Why? A) The vaccine covers strains frequently associated with development of cancerous states. B) The vaccine gives cross-protection against bacterial STIs. C) The protection initiated against some strains of the virus gives cross-protection to a lesser extent against all HPV strains. D) The vaccine specifically and only provides protection against HPV types that produce genital warts.

A) The vaccine covers strains frequently associated with development of cancerous states.

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which treatment is appropriate? A) acyclovir B) metronidazole C) miconazole D) penicillin E) surgery

A) acyclovir

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes A) cystitis. B) pyelonephritis. C) vaginitis. D) gonorrhea. E) syphilis.

A) cystitis.

Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents? A) genital herpes B) gonorrhea C) syphilis D) trichomoniasis E) leptospirosis

A) genital herpes

Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because A) maternal antibodies offer protection. B) the disease cannot be transmitted to newborns. C) the disease is not communicable. D) prophylactic antibiotics are administered to the newborn. E) the virus is not growing.

A) maternal antibodies offer protection

A patient is experiencing profuse greenish-yellow, foul-smelling discharge from her vagina. She is complaining of itching and irritation. What is the most likely treatment? A) metronidazole B) cephalosporins C) acyclovir D) miconazole E) No treatment is available.

A) metronidazole

A "clean" urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder of a healthy individual A) should be largely devoid of common skin microbiota. B) contains fewer than 100 pathogens/ml. C) contains fewer than 10,000 pathogens/ml. D) contains more than 100,000 pathogens/ml. E) has leukocyte esterase.

A) should be largely devoid of common skin microbiota.

Which of the following is greater? A) the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year B) the number of reported cases of AIDS last year C) The number of reported cases of gonorrhea and AIDS are likely equal.

A) the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? A) trichomoniasis - fungus B) gonorrhea - gram-negative cocci C) chancroid - gram-negative rod D) Gardnerella - clue cells E) syphilis - gram-negative spirochete

A) trichomoniasis - fungus

One form of NGU is lymphogranuloma venereum caused by A) Leptospira interrogans. B) Chlamydia trachomatis. C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. D) Treponema pallidum. E) Candida albicans.

B) Chlamydia trachomatis.

The causative agent of chancroid is A) Treponema pallidum. B) Haemophilus ducreyi. C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. D) HSV-2. E) HPV.

B) Haemophilus ducreyi.

In the United States, approximately how many people over the age of 30 are infected with HSV-2? A) 1-3% B) approximately 25% C) 90% D) approximately 75% E) 5-10%

B) approximately 25%

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which of the following is probable? A) candidiasis B) genital herpes C) gonorrhea D) NGU E) syphilis

B) genital herpes

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of A) Gardnerella vaginosis. B) genital herpes. C) candidiasis. D) trichomoniasis. E) lymphogranuloma venereum.

B) genital herpes.

Which of the following diseases causes a skin rash, hair loss, malaise, and fever? A) gonorrhea B) syphilis C) NGU D) trichomoniasis E) genital herpes

B) syphilis

Pyelonephritis usually is caused by A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. B) Proteus spp. C) Escherichia coli. D) Enterobacter aerogenes. E) Streptococcus pyogenes.

C) Escherichia coli.

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE? A) It is transmitted by direct contact. B) It is caused by papillomaviruses. C) Lesions are always precancerous. D) It can be treated by removing them. E) It can lead to cervical cancer in women.

C) Lesions are always precancerous.

Which one of the following genera of microorganisms causes gonorrhea? A) Chlamydia B) Mycoplasma C) Neisseria D) Ureaplasma E) None of the answers is correct; all of these cause gonorrhea.

C) Neisseria

Which of the following is treated with cephalosporins because the organism is resistant to penicillin and fluoroquinolones? A) Mycoplasma hominis B) Haemophilus ducreyi C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae D) Treponema pallidum E) Gardnerella vaginalis

C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A patient presents with fever and extensive lesions of the labia minora. Her VDRL test was negative. What is the most likely treatment? A) metronidazole B) cephalosporins C) acyclovir D) miconazole E) No treatment is available.

C) acyclovir

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen? A) trichomoniasis B) genital herpes C) candidiasis D) gonorrhea E) chancroid

C) candidiasis

Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of A) Gardnerella vaginosis. B) genital herpes. C) candidiasis. D) trichomoniasis. E) lymphogranuloma venereum.

C) candidiasis.

Which one of the following is a STI that may be confused with syphilis due to its ulcer formation on the genitalia? A) gonorrhea B) candidiasis C) chancroid (soft chancre) D) leptospirosis E) nongonococcal urethritis

C) chancroid (soft chancre)

The most common reservoir for leptospirosis within the United States is A) humans. B) water. C) domestic dogs. D) domestic cats. E) rats.

C) domestic dogs.

Which one of the following recurs at the initial site of infection? A) gonorrhea B) syphilis C) genital herpes D) chancroid E) LGV

C) genital herpes

The pH of the adult vagina is acidic due to the conversion of ________ to ________ by bacteria. A) glucose; ethanol B) protein; acetic acid C) glycogen; lactic acid D) mucosal cells; lactic acid E) urine; lactic acid

C) glycogen; lactic acid

The most common reportable disease in the United States is A) cystitis. B) lymphogranuloma venereum. C) gonorrhea. D) syphilis. E) candidiasis.

C) gonorrhea.

Which one of the following is an effective means of treatment for genital warts? A) surgery B) cryotherapy C) podofilox and imiquimod gels D) acyclovir E) nine-valent vaccination

C) podofilox and imiquimod gels

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. What stage of disease is the patient in? A) NGU B) primary C) secondary D) tertiary

C) secondary

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following will be most useful for a rapid diagnosis? A) bacterial culture B) microscopic examination of blood C) serological test for antibodies D) serological test for antigen E) viral culture

C) serological test for antibodies

Which one of the following is diagnosed by detection of antibodies against the causative agent? A) nongonococcal urethritis B) gonorrhea C) syphilis D) lymphogranuloma venereum E) candidiasis

C) syphilis

All of the following result from N. gonorrhoeae infection. Which one leads to the others? A) Antibody production is stopped. B) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not activate. C) There is an increased risk of other STIs. D) Opa protein attaches to CD4+ T lymphocytes. E) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not proliferate.

D) Opa protein attaches to CD4+ T lymphocytes.

A 25-year-old male presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. This disease can be treated with A) acyclovir. B) metronidazole. C) miconazole. D) penicillin. E) surgery.

D) penicillin.

A positive LE test and greater than 100 CFU/ml of a single species in urine indicates A) cystitis. B) gonorrhea. C) urethritis. D) pyelonephritis. E) genital herpes.

D) pyelonephritis.

Which one of the following is treated with penicillin? A) genital herpes B) genital warts C) candidiasis D) syphilis E) trichomoniasis

D) syphilis

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial feature of the urinary system? A) physiological valves found in the ureter B) pH of the urine C) flushing action of urine D) the use of the urethra for movement of seminal fluid in women E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are antimicrobial features of the urinary system.

D) the use of the urethra for movement of seminal fluid in women

Leukocytes at the infected site are a symptom of A) Gardnerella vaginosis. B) genital herpes. C) candidiasis. D) trichomoniasis. E) lymphogranuloma venereum.

D) trichomoniasis

Pyelonephritis may result from A) urethritis. B) cystitis. C) ureteritis. D) systemic infections. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which one of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE? A) It can cause sterility and chronic pain. B) It can be caused by N. gonorrhoeae. C) It can be transmitted sexually. D) It can be caused by C. trachomatis. E) It can be caused by T. pallidum.

E) It can be caused by T. pallidum.

Nongonococcal urethritis can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT A) Mycoplasma homini. B) Candida albicans. C) Trichomonas vaginalis. D) streptococci. E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea? A) arthritis B) pelvic inflammatory disease C) endocarditis D) meningitis E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor to cystitis in females? A) the proximity of the anus to the urethra B) the length of the urethra C) sexual intercourse D) poor personal hygiene E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which one of the following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms? A) Nesseria B) HPV C) HSV-2 D) Candida E) Treponema

E) Treponema

Which one of the following is NOT primarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? A) lymphogranuloma venereum B) genital herpes C) gonorrhea D) chancroid E) bacterial vaginosis

E) bacterial vaginosis

The most common NGU in the United States is treated with A) penicillin. B) cephalosporins. C) acyclovir. D) AZT. E) doxycycline.

E) doxycycline.

Which one of the following is caused by Chlamydia? A) Gardnerella vaginosis B) genital herpes C) candidiasis D) trichomoniasis E) lymphogranuloma venereum

E) lymphogranuloma venereum

All of the following can cause congenital infection or infections of the newborn EXCEPT A) syphilis. B) gonorrhea. C) nongonococcal urethritis. D) genital herpes. E) pyelonephritis.

E) pyelonephritis.