Chapter 26, Chapter 27 and 29, Chapter 28, APUSH practice ap ?s
A key significance of Churchill's purpose in the excerpt was that it helped prompt the United States to A promise financial aid to veterans returning from the Second World War, promoting economic growth B eliminate many earlier barriers to immigration, allowing postwar refugees to enter the country C provide financial support to democratic nations in Western Europe to help restore a market economy D restrict the power of labor unions in the United States to help protect the country from communist influence
C
A major consequence of the 1973 Yom Kippur War in the Middle East was that it led immediately to A a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel signed at Camp David B the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt C the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat D an energy crisis sparked by OPEC's embargo of oil to the Western world E international recognition of an independent country of Israel
C
Betty Friedan is best known for her A efforts to organize migrant workers B surprise election to the Senate C criticism of traditional gender roles D support for early childhood education E opposition to the war in Vietnam
C
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that A was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act B established free public colleges in the United States C declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal D established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United States E provided for federal support of parochial schools
C
In 1950 a major factor in President Harry Truman's commitment of American troops to combat North Korean aggression was a desire to A force Congress to appropriate more money for the armed services B preserve South Korea's markets for United States exports C overcome the stigma that the Democratic party had "lost" China to communism D convince Americans that containment was an inefficient way to deal with communist expansion E direct the focus of American postwar foreign policy away from Europe
C
In response to the situation depicted in the map, most civil rights leaders in the 1960s did which of the following? A Focused their direct activism in the North and the Upper South B Abandoned legal strategies because they had been ineffective in desegregating schools C Urged stronger federal action to compel states to enforce civil rights protections D Adopted a militant platform centered on separatism and Black Power
C
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following? A Immigration policy B Congressional reappointment C The rights of minority groups D The jurisdiction of courts in determining war guilt E The federal government's powers of taxation
C
One of the immediate consequences of the Tet offensive in 1968 was that A President Johnson completed the process of Vietnamization B North Vietnamese troops took control of Saigon C popular support for the war declined in the United States D the South Vietnamese government was overthrown E Congress gave greater support to President Johnson's war policies
C
One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the A rise of the sexual revolution in the United States B decrease in the number of immigrants seeking entry to the United States C rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force D decrease in the number of women in the workforce
C
Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies? A Preventing members of the Communist Party from running for office B Supporting regimes in Korea and Vietnam against communist influence C Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government D Establishing the diplomatic strategy of détente with communist nations
C
Richard Nixon's diplomatic overtures to the People's Republic of China were motivated in part by his belief that China A was ready to embrace a capitalist economy and democratic government B was a more legitimate representative of the Chinese people than was Taiwan C had become an important global power that could not be ignored D might form an alliance with South Korea and Japan against the United States E was likely to shun cultural and educational exchanges with Western European nations
C
Someone who favored George Washington's approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object to which of the following United States policies? A Declaration of neutrality at the beginning of the First World War B Selling surplus wheat to the Soviet Union in the 1970s C Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization D Participation in international scientific conferences E Trade with the European Common Market nations
C
Students staged a sit-in in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960 to protest A poverty in the South B cutbacks in student aid C segregation of public facilities D the war in Vietnam E the oppression of women
C
The "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" (Southern Manifesto) of 1956 and George Wallace's campaigns for the presidency in 1968 and 1972 all endorsed A tax cuts for middle-income Americans B civil rights for Black people C keeping the federal government out of state matters D a constitutional amendment requiring an annual balanced federal budget E allowing display of the Confederate battle flag on state capitol grounds
C
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be A the cause of decreased agricultural production B tangible evidence of the strength of the nation's largest cities C a representation of the conformity of postwar culture D the end of social and economic differentiation in housing E a sign that Americans were becoming more tolerant of cultural differences
C
The Free Speech Movement (FSM), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the American Indian Movement (AIM) were all largely influenced by the A writings of the Beat Generation B strategies of union organizers C tactics of Civil Rights activists D free-market economic thinkers E liberal platform of the Democratic Party
C
The Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT), expanded trade with the Soviet Union, and President Richard Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China were all facets of the policy of A brinkmanship B deterrence C détente D rollback E liberation
C
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by A Dred Scott v. Sanford B Schechter v. United States C Plessy v. Ferguson D Schenck v. United States E Miranda v. Arizona
C
The cartoon above refers to which of the following political figures? A Adlai Stevenson B Richard Nixon C Joseph McCarthy D Whittaker Chambers E J. Edgar Hoover
C
The events described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the A desegregation of the armed services B ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution C passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 D Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C
The events that led to the Kerner Commission report most directly contributed to A the emergence of protests against the Vietnam War B women's demands for equal rights C conservative calls for a new emphasis on law and order D the decline of union membership in manufacturing industries
C
The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following related developments? A The decrease in the number of people going to colleges and universities B The creation of a movement to stop federal desegregation efforts C The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States D The reduced concern about the threat of Soviet influence in the United States
C
The initial response of the United Stated to the outbreak of war in Korea was to A seek the cooperation of the People's Republic of China to end the fighting B increase American aid to Indochina to meet the threat of communist aggression C seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations D encourage Japan to rearm E request a summit meeting with the Soviet Union
C
The opinions expressed in the excerpt are most similar to those of the American Indian Movement in that both groups A believed that the United States should not be involved in foreign wars or other entanglements B asserted that state and local governments should have more power than the United States government C argued that the United States had a responsibility to provide compensation for past injustices D claimed that the United States had a responsibility to enact laws to limit environmental pollution
C
The policies expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about the A response to decolonization B role of the president in setting foreign policy C best means to combat communism D mass mobilization of civilian resources
C
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following divisions within the Civil Rights movement? A Optimism among White people in the United States that racial discrimination was being eliminated B Growing support among young activists in the Civil Rights movement for nonviolent protest C Frustrations among Civil Rights activists that social and political change was not occurring fast enough D Tensions within the federal government
C
The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes? A Patterns of residential segregation in the antebellum South B Sectional conflict between the North and the South during the mid-nineteenth century C Federal attempts to guarantee rights for formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction D African American migration patterns during and after the First World War
C
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional because A parallel school systems for White and Black children resulted in wasteful duplication of government services B the Soviet Sputnik satellite made it clear that the segregated public school system had contributed to the decline of scientific skills in the United States C separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently unequal treatment D racial injustice made it difficult for the United States to appeal to peoples of recently decolonized countries in Africa and Asia during the Cold War E the Court could no longer tolerate southern senators' filibustering of civil rights legislation
C
When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by A ending diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union B opening talks with China C passing the National Defense Education Act D passing Title IX of the Federal Education Amendments E proposing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
C
Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Eisenhower believed that the United States should invade communist countries, while Kennedy believed that the United States should establish peaceful relations with communist countries. B Eisenhower claimed that communism posed no threat to the United States, while Kennedy claimed that communism was a danger to the United States. C Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government. D Kennedy asserted that overseas allies were dispensable in the fight against communism, while Eisenhower warned that overseas allies were necessary to oppose communist aggression.
C
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States between 1970 and 1980 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports declined to over 3 billion barrels in 1980. B Crude oil imports rose steadily to half a billion barrels in 1980. C Crude oil imports rose rapidly and then declined to about 2 billion barrels in 1980. D Crude oil imports declined rapidly to zero before recovering to 2.5 billion barrels in 1980.
C
Which of the following did the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam have in common in the late 1960s? A They advocated ending segregation in the North rather than the South. B They sought affiliation with the American Communist Party. C They emphasized developing a greater sense of Black nationalism and solidarity. D They advocated nonviolent means to achieve their goals. E They split off from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.
C
Which of the following is a correct statement about the college-level education in the twentieth-century United States? A State universities increased scholarship aid during the Depression. B Private universities raised admission standards during the 1940's. C The GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-Second World War era. D The "baby boomers" finished college in large numbers in the 1950's. E There was a sharp decline in college enrollment during the Vietnam War.
C
Which of the following is most characteristic of President Eisenhower's Cold War strategy? A It caused him to restrict covert operations of the Central Intelligence Agency. B It relied on a massive buildup of conventional troops. C It relied on the principle of massive retaliation. D It utilized counterinsurgency tactics to control communist-influenced rebellions in the developing world. E It drastically restricted any further development of the United States nuclear arsenal.
C
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence? A He was the first Republican to emphasize the dangers of communism at home and abroad. B His careful investigations led to the conviction of hundreds of active subversives to whom the Truman administration had turned a blind eye. C He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies. D He used the televised Army-McCarthy hearings to his advantage. E He received strong support from president Eisenhower.
C
Which of the following statements would best describe the point being made in the cartoon above about Richard Nixon's administration? A In order for integration policies to work, Nixon needed to pick up the support of the silent majority. B The Nixon administration was arguing that integration was no longer a relevant policy. C Nixon was reversing progress toward integration made in the 1960s. D Nixon needed to attract more Black votes in order to move forward in civil rights. E Nixon supported busing as a means to integration.
C
Which of the following was a key difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam War? A The chances of a direct military clash between the United States and the Soviet Union was greater in the Vietnam War. B United States leaders could more easily argue that communist aggression led to the Vietnam War. C Public opposition was more significant for the Vietnam War than for the Korean War. D The press was more adversarial toward United States policy during the Korean War.
C
Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist campaign? A President Truman publicly criticized McCarthy. B McCarthy proved his charges of communist subversion. C Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges. D The federal courts issued an injunction against further accusations by McCarthy. E Cold War tensions increased in the mid-1950s.
C
In noting that he had "yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was 'well timed,'" Martin Luther King, Jr., was most likely arguing against A African American activists who asserted that King's tactics were taking too long to produce results B Civil Rights activists who believed that more thought should be given to the precise timing of boycotts, demonstrations, and direct actions C environmental activists who believed that the struggle for more effective conservation measures should take precedence over the Civil Rights movement D White Americans who argued that African Americans should be more patient and that civil rights should not be brought about by civil disobedience tactics
D
Kent State University was the site in 1970 of which of the following events? A A rock concert second only to the Woodstock concert in the number of attendees B A highly publicized sit-in advocating women's rights C The first event in observance of Earth Day, which sought to increase public awareness of environmental degradation D An antiwar demonstration in which four students were killed by members of the National Guard E A demonstration by African American, Hispanic, and White students in support of affirmative action that helped draw public attention to the issue
D
McCarthy's accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following? A Support for seeking new Cold War allies among nonaligned nations B Resistance to efforts to achieve racial desegregation C Ideological concerns over United States involvement in the Middle East D Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad
D
SDS best exemplifies which of the following? A The success of the Civil Rights movement in achieving greater racial integration B The development of new concerns about environmental pollution and the overuse of natural resources C The increased influence of conservatives who opposed expansive social welfare policies and higher taxes D The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality
D
Senator Joseph McCarthy's actions, as described in the excerpt, were most likely interpreted at the time as a reaction to which of the following historical situations? A Challenges to New Deal economic policies B Creation of the interstate highway system C Expansion of the size of the military D Perceptions of expanding foreign influence
D
The Black Power movement of the late 1960s advocated that African Americans A organize political parties sympathetic to communism B establish African American communities in Africa C seek the racial integration of northeastern cities D establish control of their political and economic life E assimilate into White society
D
The Stonewall riots of 1969 were significant because they A marked the end of the African American Civil Rights movement B drew attention to the increasing gap between the incomes of people who were wealthy and people living in poverty C highlighted the efforts of César Chávez to organize Mexican American farmworkers D led to the birth of gay rights organizations around the country E undermined the efforts of the National Organization for Women
D
The Vietnam War differed from the Korean War in that the Vietnam War A involved the United States in an indirect confrontation with the Soviet Union B involved United States troops without a formal congressional declaration of war C generated criticism of the government's military policies D ended with the collapse of the government that the United States had supported E grew out of the policy of containment
D
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The increase in homogeneity in postwar society B The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation C The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture D The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
D
The cartoon was primarily a response to the A increasing popularity of isolationism among United States policy makers B ongoing controversy over the appropriate use of executive branch authority in conducting foreign policy C expanding opposition to the Korean War D growing debate over the Vietnam War
D
The decision guaranteeing the rights of Mexican Americans to serve on juries most directly resulted from which of the following historical processes during this period? A The utilization of strikes to demand increased compensation B The effort to identify suspected communists in the federal government C The expansion of social welfare programs by the federal government D The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms
D
The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments during the 1960s? A New demands for economic rights by Latino Americans B Efforts to combat racism in the labor movement C Increased conflict over the role of women in society D Growing pressure to eliminate racial inequalities in society
D
The fact that a former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote which of the following? A United States support for British efforts to retain its colonial empire B A greater United States willingness to share nuclear weapons with Britain C A decision by the United States to withdraw troops from Japan in order to better protect Europe D The participation of both Britain and the United States in an international collective security system
D
The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which of the following earlier periods? A The 1840s B The 1860s C The 1910s D The 1920s
D
The principal reason for the formation of the Dixiecrat party in 1948 was the opposition of dissident Democrats to President Truman's A establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency B removal of General MacArthur from his military command C support for the Taft-Hartley Act D proposal for civil rights legislation E call for an investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees
D
The quotation above is from A Booker T. Washington B Marcus Garvey C Langston Hughes D Martin Luther King, Jr. E Stokely Carmichael
D
The rock 'n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from A European folk music B nineteenth-century American ballads C cowboy songs D African American rhythm and blues E Scotch-Irish ballads
D
Which of the following best describes the historic situation in the 1960s that prompted the emergence of social and political reform movements such as the Black Panther Party? A The United States sought to limit the influence of communism at home and abroad. B The United States allied with other nations to combat fascism and militarism in Europe and East Asia. C The United States attempted to reinvigorate its economy following economic crises brought on by the Great Depression. D The United States became increasingly divided as conflicts within and between liberal and conservative movements intensified.
D
Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt? A A. Philip Randolph's organizing of Black railroad workers into the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters B Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's legal efforts to desegregate schools in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka C Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, efforts to win equal rights for African Americans through nonviolent civil disobedience D Malcolm X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self-sufficiency
D
Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s? A Immigration of eastern and southern Europeans to the United States B Migration of Mexican Americans to midwestern cities C Immigration of East Asians to the West Coast D Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs E Migration of American Indians from the Dakotas to California
D
Which of the following was a long-term reaction to the actions of the youth addressed in the excerpt? A The establishment of organizations to address environmental concerns B The expansion of United States military involvement in Southeast Asia C The rejection of nonviolent tactics by the majority of civil rights groups D The emergence of a conservative backlash against perceived cultural decline
D
Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Both claimed that defense policy could threaten liberty at home. B Both declared that the United States had lost international influence. C Both called for an increase in spending on military weapons and supplies. D Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security.
D
Which of the following was an achievement of the John F. Kennedy administration? A Passage of civil rights legislation B Passage of bills to create health insurance for the aged and to increase aid to education C Extension of diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China D Passage of the Alliance for Progress to provide economic aid for Latin America E Passage of the Economic Opportunity Bill
D
The ideas expressed in the cartoon above most directly reflect which of the following continuities in United States history?
Debates about access to voting rights
Betty Friedan's best-selling book of the 1960s observed that A racism blocked the Civil Rights movement B environmental problems plagued the country C immigrants had access to few social services D conflicts increased between supporters of Black separatism and supporters of integration E many middle-class housewives and mothers felt frustration and a lack of fulfillment
E
In 1962, which of the following contributed most directly to a crisis in Soviet-American relations over Cuba? A Cuban attacks on the United States naval base at Guantanamo B The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion C Cuban support for leftist guerilla movements in Latin America D Cuban withdrawal from the Organization of American States E The discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba
E
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that A women had a constitutional right to abortion B school segregation was unconstitutional C voting districts had to contain the same number of people D school prayer was illegal under the First Amendment E arrested persons must be informed of their rights
E
In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should A invade the Soviet Union to establish democracy B adopt a more conciliatory policy toward the Soviet Union C conduct covert activities in underdeveloped countries to undermine communist movements D grant most-favored-nation status to China E focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
E
The 1968 Tet Offensive was significant because it A showed that American soldiers were ill equipped to fight in the jungle B pressured North Vietnam to come to the bargaining table C convinced President Johnson to begin bombing Cambodia D reaffirmed popular support for the South Vietnamese government E led to increased antiwar sentiment in the United States
E
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions? A Marbury v. Madison B Dred Scott v. Sanford C Roe v. Wade D Gideon v. Wainwright E Plessy v. Ferguson
E
The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to A stabilize world currencies B promote advanced technology for use in the military defense of Western Europe C reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires D maintain the United States position as the world's leading creditor nation E aid the economic recovery of the war-torn Europe
E
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that A the public was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic reforms B the President was more interested in domestic programs than in foreign policy C protesters were successfully challenging the goals of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society D opposition to the Vietnam War improved Lyndon B. Johnson's hopes for reelection E the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry out domestic programs
E
The containment policy articulated by George F. Kennan in 1947 proposed A a United States commitment to free Eastern Europe from communism B a change in United States investment policies to limit the possibility of involvement in world conflict C an all-out campaign to destabilize the Soviet Union D a plan to give Western Europe greater political power and economic independence from the United States E efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence
E
The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A unprecedented prosperity B rapid and extensive suburbanization C a population explosion known as the "baby boom" D the growing strength of the movement for African American civil rights E widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry
E
The festival near Woodstock, New York, in 1969 is most closely associated with the A women's liberation movement B gay rights movement C environmental movement D Beat Generation E counterculture
E
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to A create a strong military alliance between the United States and Western Europe B strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese communists C speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan D defend Greece and Turkey from communist subversion E finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe
E
Which of the following resulted from the Cuban missile crisis? A The Soviets were allowed to keep existing missiles in Cuba but could not increase the number of missiles. B The United States agreed to withdraw from Berlin in exchange for Soviet withdrawal from Cuba. C The Soviets gained none of their objectives, while the United States emerged victorious. D The United States succeeded in eliminating all communist influence from the Western Hemisphere. E The Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba in exchange for a promise from the United States not to attack Fidel Castro.
E
The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England's North American colonies?
Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism
The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century?
The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good
Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World afer 1800?
The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States
The sentiments expressed in the cartoon above most directly contributed to which of the following?
The passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments
The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following?
The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies
The New Look military, brinksmanship, and massive retaliation were all instances of A shifts to a more confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War B plans to win the war in Vietnam using superior technology and manpower C United States threats used to force the Soviet Union to withdraw troops from Yugoslavia D United States strategies employed during the Korean War E attempts to minimize United States casualties in future wars, in the wake of popular opposition to the Vietnam War
A
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The increase in homogeneity in postwar society B The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation C The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture D The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
A
The excerpt most directly reflects the United States efforts to A build an international security system B maintain an isolationist position C acquire new territories D gain access to Eastern European markets
A
The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for A blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence B curbing United States foreign investment to limit involvement in world conflict C liberating Eastern Europe form communism D destabilizing the Soviet Union E dividing Germany into zones administered by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union
A
What did SDS have most in common with the youth counterculture of the 1960s? A A rejection of many of the values of their parents' generation B A commitment to reforming society through direct political action C A desire to remove themselves from mainstream society and experiment with drugs D A determination to establish gender equality throughout the United States
A
Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement? A Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s practiced racial segregation. B Many middle-class families could not afford to buy homes in new suburban developments in the 1950s. C Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s restricted access by age. D Many middle-class families preferred to live in cities in the 1950s.
A
Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures? A Southern Christian Leadership Conference . . Marcus Garvey B Black Panthers . . Huey Newton C National Association for the Advancement of Colored People . . Roy Wilkins D Black Muslims . . Malcolm X E Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee . . Stokely Carmichael
A
Which of the following examples best supports the Kerner Commission's argument that two separate societies were emerging in the United States? A The movement of many families to the suburbs B The emergence of a youth culture C The arrival of new immigrants from around the world D The existence of racial segregation in the military
A
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes? A A surge in the national birthrate B The expansion of voting rights for African Americans C Challenges to conformity raised by intellectuals and artists D The gradual emergence of détente with the Soviet Union
A
Which of the following statements about George Wallace's third-party presidential campaign in 1968 is correct? A He appealed to many middle-class voters upset by the civil disobedience associated with the Civil Rights and antiwar demonstrations. B He appealed to the isolationists who opposed United States involvement in Vietnam. C He supported the integrationist goals of Martin Luther King, Jr., but opposed the more extreme tactics of the Black Muslims and Black Panthers. D He was strongly supported by intellectuals and college students who thought the Democratic and Republican parties were both too conservative. E He advocated an expansion of poverty programs in an effort to win the support of the inner-city poor.
A
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true? A It relied heavily on Black musical traditions. B It adopted many of the big band tunes of the 1940's. C It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time. D It was the first popular music broadcast nationally on radio. E It had little appeal in the South and West.
A
Whyte's concern in the excerpt for "the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity" best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities B The expansion of higher education opportunities for war veterans C The creation of international alliances to oppose Soviet expansion D The investigations of supposed communists in the federal government
A
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments? A The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union B United States efforts to counteract Soviet influence by sending troops into Eastern Europe C United States campaigns to support democratic movements in Latin America D Soviet Union efforts to extend its influence into the countries of Western Europe
A
Joseph McCarthy's investigative tactics found support among many Americans because A evidence substantiated his charges against the army B there was widespread fear of communist infiltration of the United States C both Truman and Eisenhower supported him D he worked closely with the FBI E he correctly identified numerous communists working in the State Department
B
Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT A a rise in the gross national product (GNP) B the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs C the peaking of the postwar baby boom D the exodus of Black families from the rural South E the beginning of construction of an interstate highway system
B
The Civil Rights movement of the late 1960s was characterized by which of the following? A The establishment of the Back to Africa movement B A growing split between those who advocated nonviolence and those who favored more aggressive tactics to achieve civil rights C Widespread support by southern Whites who had initially resisted the movement D A sharp drop in participation and interestin voter registration drives and other equal-access efforts in the rural South E Strong support for the women's rights movement
B
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 in order to A encourage women to believe in the "feminine mystique" B challenge sex discrimination in the workplace C oppose the proposed Equal Rights Amendment D advocate restrictions on access to abortion E advocate equal access for women to athletic facilities
B
The case of University of California Regents v. Bakke concerned which of the following issues? A The ban on de jure segregation in California colleges B The constitutionality of policies made to correct racial injustice C Requirements for equal sports opportunities for women D Provisions for equal access to public buildings for the physically disabled E The expulsion of Japanese students from California universities
B
The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following? A The expansion of suburbs B The decline of the Red Scare C The emergence of the Soviet Union D The development of a counterculture movement
B
The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy? A Some Americans called for the United States to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union. B Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international involvement. C The United States sought to recolonize countries that had gained independence. D Many Americans opposed the creation of new alliances in Europe.
B
The ideas expressed in the advertisement overlook which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of new suburban housing developments in the 1950s? A The sharp increase in birth rates after the war B The reliance on new roads and highways C The growth of income for middle-class families D The appeal of modern amenities to consumers
B
The image most closely reflects which of the following developments in the political climate in the United States? A Declining public support for fighting communism in developing countries B A growing public debate over the merits and rationale for the Vietnam War C A growing public realization that the United States was unlikely to achieve a clear victory in the Vietnam War D A renewed public commitment to the containment of communism
B
The political climate during McCarthy's era had the most in common with which of the following? A The efforts to limit immigrants' political and economic power in the 1840s and 1850s B The attacks on radicals and immigrants following the First World War C The isolationism in United States foreign policy during the 1930s D The decline in public confidence and trust in government in the 1970s
B
The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to A decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weaponry under the control of the United Nations B prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression C retake Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union D prevent the spread of independence movements in European colonies in Asia and Africa E create an atmosphere of trust in which negotiation with the Soviet Union would have the best chance for success
B
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt are best explained in connection to which of the following broader developments during the period? A Rising influence of evangelical Christian political organizations B A widening political and cultural gap between young people and earlier generations C Growing support for suburbanization and for having large, nuclear families D Increasing calls for the United States to take a more aggressive stance against immigration
B
The support for former Alabama governor George Wallace in the 1968 presidential campaign best illustrates the A impact of the economic downturn on the working class B exploitation of race as a national political issue C growing power of the political Left in American politics D persistence of anticommunism as a political force E loss of faith of many Americans in Republican party policies
B
The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following? A Filing legal challenges B Using nonviolence C Learning self-defense D Petitioning government officials
B
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above? A Only the states that made up the old Confederacy still practiced segregation in public schools. B School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region. C Every state in the Union had local laws outlining positions on school segregation. D States with the smallest populations generally supported school segregation. E Northern states were free of segregation of any kind by 1954.
B
Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted from the goals expressed in the excerpt? A Passage of new immigration laws B Intervention in the conflict in Korea C Application of federal power to try to end poverty D Investigations to find communist subversives in government jobs
B
Which of the following best characterizes the goals of Martin Luther King, Jr.? A A peaceful separation of Black people into powerful economic and political groups B A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society C Federal compensation to Black people for past political and legal injustices D A church-centered Black community removed from the oppression of White people E Constant and, if necessary, violent political and social action to achieve long-sought justice
B
Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States crude oil consumption between 1950 and 1980 ? A The United States domestic production of crude oil increased in this period. B The United States became more dependent on imports of crude oil in this period. C United States usage of crude oil became more efficient in this period. D The United States had a consistently increasing supply of crude oil imports in this period.
B
Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt? A The erosion of soil on the Great Plains B The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land C The increase in government regulation of natural resources D The growth of higher education
B
Which of the following explains the context for United States economic development between 1950 and the early 1970s? A Credit and stock markets became unstable because of overspeculation. B Low unemployment encouraged American optimism about economic growth. C A powerful conservative movement halted federal economic intervention in the economy. D Companies imported valuable commodities acquired from new overseas colonial territories.
B
Which of the following most directly contributed to the emergence of Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s? A Decreased demand for agricultural labor in the Southwest B Changing immigration policies and patterns C Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 D Enactment of Great Society social programs
B
Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt? A The efforts of Congress to adopt legislation to deal with domestic social problems B The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events C The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision on school desegregation D The support for collective security through international organizations
B
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map? A States and counties in the Deep South responded more favorably to the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling than did those in the Upper South and Texas. B Many counties and states actively resisted implementing the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. C Economic difference among states and counties created unintentional racial segregation in schools. D The Civil Rights movement focused more on desegregating public transportation than desegregating schools.
B
Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War? A Those working outside the home demanded equality in pay and promotion opportunities. B Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for returning soldiers. C They contributed to a sudden decline in the birth rate by employing new family planning techniques. D Large numbers were elected to high office because of their contributions to the war effort. E Young women participated in a revolution in manners and morals that challenged the values of their parents.
B
Whyte's discussion about the "issue of individualism" best serves as evidence for the responses to which of following situations in the 1950s? A The protests of civil rights activists against segregation B The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals C The refusal of some military draftees to serve in the Vietnam War D The opposition of a new conservative movement to postwar liberalism
B
Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s was most directly inspired by which of the following? A The tactics and goals of the African American Civil Rights movement B The emergence of evangelical Christian political activism C The arguments made by conservatives about the role of the federal government D The public reaction against antiwar protesters
A
The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated A legal segregation B rural poverty C substandard housing D urban riots E discrimination in hiring practices
A
Influential critics of the 1950's, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following aspects of the life in the United States following the Second World War? A Alienation and conformity in modern society B Schooling for the baby-boom generation C The economic responsibilities of being a world superpower D The threat to the nation form communist subversion E The spread of political corruption
A
Malcolm X's statement suggests that he strongly agreed with A radical leftist movements B conservation movements C the youth counterculture D the sexual revolution
A
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X shared the view that A the movement for Black advancement in the United States was part of a global process of social change B it was desirable to work for the desegregation of public facilities C violence was a necessary part of the movement for Black social and political advancement D using the courts to challenge the constitutionality of barriers to Black advancement was not a useful strategy
A
African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by A issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces B agreeing to outlaw the newly formed States' Rights Party C proposing a constitutional amendment banning Jim Crow laws D establishing the National Advisory Committee on Civil Disorders E signing the Voting Rights Act
A
An important way in which the situation described in the excerpt was significant was that it A highlighted a view of communism as an authoritarian threat B celebrated the Allies' victory over the Axis powers in the Second World War C suggested concerns about communist subversion in the United States D encouraged direct military confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union
A
During the 1960s, sit-in demonstrations were first effectively used by A college students working with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) B Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) C Huey Newton and the Black Panthers D Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam E African American veterans returning from the Second World War
A
In the early 1960s, Malcolm X challenged the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the Civil Rights movement by arguing that A African Americans must defend themselves against racism by using violence if necessary B nonviolent protest could succeed only when African American and White activists cooperated C African Americans should develop economic and cultural ties with African nations D African Americans could move toward political equality by first developing stronger vocational skills E court litigation was a more effective strategy to gain civil rights than were sit-ins or mass protest rallies
A
In which of the following ways did public attitudes toward the Civil Rights movement change as a result of sentiments such as those expressed in the excerpt? A White approval declined as a result of the perception that aggressive policies like those of the Black Panthers resulted in urban unrest. B Liberal feminists adopted the tactics of the Black Panthers in order to increase the influence of their movement. C Young people increasingly rejected the platform of the Black Panthers in favor of nonviolent tactics. D The federal government responded by enacting social welfare programs favored by the Black Panthers.
A
People who agreed with the argument made in the speech would most likely have recommended which of the following solutions?
A stronger government role in the economic system
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes?
A surge in the national birthrate
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to A increase NATO forces in Europe B expand federal aid into education C withdraw from arms-limitation talks with the Soviet Union D force the resignation of important American scientists from governmental positions E increase cooperation with the Soviet Union in space projects
B
A significant demographic development in the two decades following the Second World War was a A decline in marriage and birth rates B rapid growth of suburbs C movement from urban to rural communities D great migration from the South and West to the Northeast E rapid increase in the average age of Americans
B
At the time the excerpts were written, Martin Luther King, Jr., disagreed with Malcolm X in that King believed that A confrontation would be an effective means of achieving change B the most desirable outcome of Civil Rights activism would be equal rights and racial integration C Civil Rights activism has its roots in earlier historical patterns D moderation and conciliation would hamper African Americans from gaining civil rights
B
Carson's argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the A rise of a counterculture among young people B passage of new laws to reduce pollution C establishment of the National Park System D growing number of farmers in the United States
B
In the mid-1950s, President Eisenhower's argument for federal funding of highway construction emphasized A economic stimulus B national defense C beautification D defeating the domestic communist threat E promoting suburbanization
B
The ideas expressed in the passage above most clearly show the influence of which of the following?
Concepts of republican democracy found in the Declaration of Independence
DWhich of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports rapidly increased to 2 billion in 1960 and then remained steady. B Crude oil imports declined rapidly until 1960 before returning to their previous level. C Crude oil imports grew to a peak just before 1970 and then rapidly declined. D Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion barrels in 1970.
D
During 1968 the deep divisions within the American public were demonstrated by all of the following EXCEPT A the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. B urban riots in major cities across the country C antiwar demonstrations at the Democratic national convention in Chicago D the refusal of most Republicans to support Richard Nixon as their presidential candidate E the strong showing of George Wallace's American Independent Party in southern states and some northern urban centers
D
In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that women A who spent their lives as mothers and homemakers were generally satisfied with their lives B needed counseling if they were dissatisfied with their domestic lives C should battle for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment D experienced a discrepancy between the reality and the public image of their lives E have special talents and abilities different from those of men
D
In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of A presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon B insufficient federal spending on the needs of the poor C communist subversion of the civil rights movement D the military-industrial complex E the lack of a national health insurance program
D
A key diplomatic achievement of Richard M. Nixon's presidency was A a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviet Union B the signing of the Camp David Accords C a joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission with the Soviet Union D a visit to Angola to help the African nation resist communist guerrillas E a visit to China in February 1972
E
All of the following were crises during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency EXCEPT A the Soviet Union launching Sputnik B Egypt seizing the Suez Canal C the Soviet Union shooting down an American U-2 spy plane D Fidel Castro gaining control of Cuba E the Soviet Union blockading river, road, and rail traffic into West Berlin
E
In the speech, Lease was reacting primarily to the problems faced by which of the following groups?
Farmers
The goals presented in the excerpt from the act have the most in common with which of the following?
Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s
Which of the following efforts most directly resulted from the Progressive Era reform movements?
Local campaigns against urban social problems
Which of the following activities from the middle of the 19th century most closely resembles the Progressive Era reforms that McGerr describes?
Participation by women in moral reform efforts
Many of the federal policies and initiatives passed in the 1960s address which of the following about the economic trend described in the excerpt?
Pockets of poverty persisted despite overall affluence.
Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of the cartoon?
Radical Republicans
The language used in both excerpts most directly reflects the influence of which of the following?
The Second Great Awakening
Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods?
The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
Which of the following events in the late 19th and early 20th centuries represents a continuation of the process described in the passage above?
The United States gaining possession of overseas territories
Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trend described in the excerpt?
The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society
One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it
contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement
The controversy highlighted in the cartoon above most directly led to the
emergence of more vigorous Southern resistance to African American rights
The process described in the passage above most directly led to political controversies in the 1840s and 1850s over the
expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories
Women working in settlement houses such as Hull House initially sought to help
immigrants adapt to American customs and language
Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Frederick Douglass in the excerpt?
northern abolitionists
One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the
rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force
