Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the School-Aged Child: 6 to 10 Years - ML4
A mother calls the pediatric nurse practitioner about her 7-year-old daughter's dental hygiene. The daughter has had three cavities. She does not know what to do and asks the nurse for guidance. How should the nurse respond? -"Is there fluoride toothpaste available for her use?" -"Are you able to supervise her brushing?" -"What type of toothbrush does she use?" -"Did you teach her how to brush her teeth?"
"Are you able to supervise her brushing?" Explanation: The number one dental problem in middle childhood is tooth decay. Until age seven, the child may need assistance brushing their teeth. Children tend to concentrate on the front teeth, because they can see them easily and "forget" the teeth in the back. Parental oversight is needed to be sure those overlooked are brushed carefully.
The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which interview question would facilitate this assessment? -"Do you participate in any sports?" -"Do you like to do puzzles?" -"Do play any instruments?" -"Do you like to construct models?"
"Do you participate in any sports?" Explanation: To assess the gross motor skills of school-age children, the nurse should ask questions about participation in sports and after-school activities. For fine motor skills, the nurse could ask questions about band membership, constructing models, and writing skills.
When providing anticipatory guidance to a group of parents with school-aged children, what would the nurse describe as the most important aspect of social interaction? -Peer relationships -Family -Temperament -School
-Peer relationships Although school, family, and temperament are important influences on social interaction, peer relationships at this time provide the most important social interaction for school-age children. Reference:
The nurse caring for a hospitalized 8-year-old child recognizes that the child has developed an understanding of reversibility. Which of the following relates to the development of this understanding? -The child understands that their illness is probably only temporary. -The child understands that their caregiver will visit and then will be going home. -The child understands the long-term effects of home care and treatments. -The child understands that procedures may take a long time to complete.
The child understands that their illness is probably only temporary. Explanation: Reversibility is the ability to think in either direction. 7-year-old children can add and subtract, count forward and backward, and see how it is possible to put something back the way it was. A 7- or 8-year-old can understand that illness is probably only temporary, whereas a 6-year-old may think it is permanent.
A child tells the nurse, "The tooth fairy came while I was asleep and left me money under my pillow." What age group does the nurse understand is characterized by magical thinking? -age 9 to 10 years -age 6 to 7 years -age 14 to 16 years -age 11 to 13 years
age 6 to 7 years Explanation: Children in the age group of 6 to 7 years are still characterized by magical thinking: believing in the tooth fairy, Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, and others.
When describing play by the school-aged child to a group of nursing students, the instructor would emphasize the need for which factor? -physical activity -rules -recreation -ritualism
rules Explanation: School-age children engage in cooperative play. They understand rules and are able to play team sports and participate in other organized activities. Although recreation and physical activity may be involved, rules and structure are essential for play in this age group.
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 8-year-old child, explaining that when the child returns next year for a well check-up, the child will likely undergo which screening? -sexually transmitted infections -lead -hepatitis B -scoliosis
scoliosis Explanation: Scoliosis may become apparent for the first time in late childhood. All school-age children older than 8 years should be screened for scoliosis at all health assessments. Lead screening is done earlier. Screening for sexually transmitted infections or hepatitis B is not age-dependent and would not be done unless there is an indication of high risk behavior.
The nurse is collecting data on a 7-year-old child who weighed 7 lb 2 oz (3.2 kg) at birth. If the child is following a normal pattern of weight gain, the nurse would anticipate the child would weigh approximately: -50 pounds. -70 pounds. -60 pounds. -80 pounds.
50 pounds. Explanation: By age 7, the child weighs about 7 times as much as at birth.
An 8-year-old male child is being seen for a well-child visit. His weight at his visit last year was 50 lb (22.7 kg) and his height was 47 in (119 cm). If he is developing normally, which finding will the nurse expect to note this year? -Weight 62 lb (28.1 kg) -Height 49.5 in (124 cm) -The child has all of his adult teeth present. -The child's weight is seven times his birth weight.
Height 49.5 in (124 cm) Explanation: Normal physical growth for school-age children is a gain in height of 2.5 inches (6.25 cm) each year. Thus, a height of 49.5 in (124 cm) would be expected growth. The growth in weight is not within normal parameters as this is a 12 lb (5.4 kg) weight gain. A 7-year-old child, not 8-year-old child, should weigh seven times his birth weight. Adult teeth do not normally come in until age 10 to 12.
A group of 10-year-old girls have formed a "girls only" club. It is only open to girls who still like to play with dolls. Which factor does this best represent? -immaturity for this age group -appropriate social development -poor peer relationships -encouragement for bullying and sexism
appropriate social development Explanation: During the school-age years, peer groups tend to be same-sex. This helps children learn to work together and to see viewpoints different than their own. Being part of a peer group helps with positive socialization of the school-age child. The other choices are not represented by this scenario.
A nurse is discussing ways parents can foster the development of self-confidence in their school-aged child. Which action if stated by the parents would lead the nurse to continue the discussion? -being accepting of mistakes the child makes -comparing the child to an older sibling regarding academic achievements -having clear expectations of behavior whenever the family is out in public -focusing on what the child is saying in a conversation
comparing the child to an older sibling regarding academic achievements Explanation: A school-age child needs consistency, clearly defined expectations, and positive attention in order to develop self-confidence. By being accepting of mistakes the child makes, focusing on the child whenever they are talking, and making sure the child understands behavioral expectations, the parents are fostering self-confidence in the child.
A hospitalized 7-year-old is recovering from a head injury. Occupational therapy has been ordered to assist the child in regaining eye/hand coordination. If the child cannot master this skill, what feelings may arise? -A sense of mistrust -A sense of doubt -A sense of shame -A feeling of inferiority
A feeling of inferiority Explanation: Children who are unsuccessful in completing activities during the school-age phase, whether from physical, social, or cognitive disadvantages, develop a feeling of inferiority.
What foods could a parent provide that would be the most beneficial to support healthy dentition for a school-aged child? -Chicken sandwich with pretzels and apple juice -Fish, spinach salad and a glass of milk -Hamburger and a cherry Coke -Bagels and cream cheese with sherbet
Fish, spinach salad and a glass of milk Explanation: A well-balanced diet rich in calcium and phosphorus fosters healthy teeth. Minimal sugar, a diet of whole grain breads, and fish and cheeses are all good sources of calcium and/or phosphorus. Sugary soda drinks and juices, pretzels and bagels, beef and sherbet do not provide substantial amounts of calcium or phosphorus.
The nurse is assessing an 11-year-old child with back pain. What approach(es) will the nurse use for this assessment? Select all that apply. -Have the child rate the pain on a 0 to 10 scale. -Respect the child's request to have the parent leave during the physical assessment. -Explain the assessment findings to the parent without the child present. -Ask the parent to describe the history and onset of the pain. -Provide explanations of the actions during the head-to-toe assessment.
-Have the child rate the pain on a 0 to 10 scale. -Respect the child's request to have the parent leave during the physical assessment. -Provide explanations of the actions during the head-to-toe assessment. Explanation: The 11-year old child can provide their own history of the pain, and they should first be asked. The nurse can check for additional information about medical history from the parent if needed. The explanation of assessment findings should include the child, who may worry if not included. An 11-year-old child can use a numeric pain scale and understand explanations of the nursing assessment. At this age, the child is often more private, and this should be respected during the assessment if the child wishes the parent to leave.
The mother and her 8-year-old daughter come to the clinic for a well-child visit. The mother asks the nurse, "About how much sleep should my daughter be getting?" The nurse responds by saying: -10-12 hours. -6-8 hours. -12-14 hours. -8-10 hours.
10-12 hours. Explanation: An 8-year-old typically needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each day. This amount decreases to 8 to 10 hours per day when the child reaches the age of 10 years.
The mother and her 8-year-old daughter come to the clinic for a well-child visit. The mother asks the nurse, "About how much sleep should my daughter be getting?" The nurse responds by saying: -12-14 hours. -10-12 hours. -8-10 hours. -6-8 hours.
10-12 hours. Explanation: An 8-year-old typically needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each day. This amount decreases to 8 to 10 hours per day when the child reaches the age of 10 years.
A nurse is obtaining a weight on a 7-year-old who weighed 8 pounds (3632 g) at birth. How much does the nurse anticipate that he should weigh now? -56 pounds (25.5 kg) -62 pounds (28.2 kg) -84 pounds (38.1 kg) -42 pounds (19 kg)
56 pounds (25.5 kg) Explanation: By age 7, the child weighs about 7 times as much as birth.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 7-year-old child whose family members have been unable to visit for 2 days. The nurse is preparing a diversional activity for the child. Which activity would best be suited for a child in this age group? -A paint-by-numbers activity creating a picture -A card game such as solitaire -An activity focusing on learning fractions -A board game such as monopoly
A paint-by-numbers activity creating a picture Explanation: Between the ages of 6 and 8 years, children begin to enjoy participating in real-life activities, such as helping with gardening, housework, and other chores. They love making things, such as drawings, paintings, and craft projects. The child would need additional instruction to learn fractions, which may not be considered fun. A card game such as solitaire and a board game of monopoly may be too hard for the 7-year-old. In addition, the game of monopoly would require additional players.
What foods could a parent provide that would be the most beneficial to support healthy dentition for a school-aged child? -Hamburger and a cherry Coke -Bagels and cream cheese with sherbet -Chicken sandwich with pretzels and apple juice -Fish, spinach salad and a glass of milk
Fish, spinach salad and a glass of milk Explanation: A well-balanced diet rich in calcium and phosphorus fosters healthy teeth. Minimal sugar, a diet of whole grain breads, and fish and cheeses are all good sources of calcium and/or phosphorus. Sugary soda drinks and juices, pretzels and bagels, beef and sherbet do not provide substantial amounts of calcium or phosphorus.
A nurse in the clinic observes a school-age child pushing another child. The parent is watching without disciplining the child and tells the nurse, "They just do what they want to and do not listen to anything I say." What can the nurse inform that parent about the development of self-confidence in the child? Select all that apply. -The child needs to make their own decisions about behavior to develop self-confidence. -The child needs consistent rules to develop self-confidence. -Ensure the child can master the tasks they are assigned. -The child needs to be able to do what they want to develop self-confidence. -Involve the child in activities that match their abilities.
-The child needs consistent rules to develop self-confidence. -Ensure the child can master the tasks they are assigned. -Involve the child in activities that match their abilities. Correct response: Explanation: To establish confidence, the parent should ensure that the child is able to master tasks and achieve goals set before them. School-age children also need consistent rules to help them develop self-confidence. Allowing the child to do whatever they want and make their own decisions will not help the child develop self-confidence but can instead result in bad decisions and lead to poor self-confidence.
During a well-child check-up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son's friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? -"Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age." -"The children will cheer for each other regardless of the sport being played." -"The child's best friends will continue playing soccer." —"Your child will rarely talk to you about his friends."
"Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age." Explanation: Peer relationships, especially of the same sex, are very important and can influence the child's relationship with his parents. They can provide enough support that he can risk parental conflict and stand his ground about playing soccer. At this age, peer groups are made up of the child's best friends, and they happen to be playing baseball. Peer groups have rules and take up sides against the soccer player. Peers are an authority, so the child will let his parents know their opinions.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-aged children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? -"Boys normally grow an average of 5 in (12.5 cm) each year." -"Menarche is usually the first sign of puberty in school-aged girls." -"There are not many physical differences between school-aged boys and girls." -"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys."
"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." Explanation: Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys, and are usually taller by about 2 in (5 cm) or more than preadolescent boys. During the school-age years, the child will grow approximately 1 to 2.5 in (2.5 to 6.25 cm) per year. As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. The first sign of puberty for girls is breast changes, not menarche.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-aged children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? -"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." -"Boys normally grow an average of 5 in (12.5 cm) each year." -"Menarche is usually the first sign of puberty in school-aged girls." -"There are not many physical differences between school-aged boys and girls."
"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." Explanation: Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys, and are usually taller by about 2 in (5 cm) or more than preadolescent boys. During the school-age years, the child will grow approximately 1 to 2.5 in (2.5 to 6.25 cm) per year. As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. The first sign of puberty for girls is breast changes, not menarche.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-aged children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? -"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." -"Menarche is usually the first sign of puberty in school-aged girls." -"There are not many physical differences between school-aged boys and girls." -"Boys normally grow an average of 5 in (12.5 cm) each year.
"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." Explanation: Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys, and are usually taller by about 2 in (5 cm) or more than preadolescent boys. During the school-age years, the child will grow approximately 1 to 2.5 in (2.5 to 6.25 cm) per year. As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. The first sign of puberty for girls is breast changes, not menarche.
During a routine wellness examination, the nurse is trying to determine how well a 5-year-old boy communicates and comprehends instructions. What is the best specific trigger question to determine the preschooler's linguistic and cognitive progress? -"Is your son's speech clear enough that anyone can understand it?" -"Would you say your son has a vocabulary of about 900 words?" -"Does your son speak in complete sentences all the time?" -"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?"
"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" Explanation: Asking how well the boy communicates and follows instructions is the best trigger question because it is open-ended. Asking if the child uses complete sentences or speaks clearly will elicit a yes or no answer about only those specific areas of development. The parents would have no way of judging the size of their child's vocabulary.
During a routine wellness examination, the nurse is trying to determine how well a 5-year-old boy communicates and comprehends instructions. What is the best specific trigger question to determine the preschooler's linguistic and cognitive progress? -"Would you say your son has a vocabulary of about 900 words?" -"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" -"Does your son speak in complete sentences all the time?" -"Is your son's speech clear enough that anyone can understand it?"
"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" Explanation: Asking how well the boy communicates and follows instructions is the best trigger question because it is open-ended. Asking if the child uses complete sentences or speaks clearly will elicit a yes or no answer about only those specific areas of development. The parents would have no way of judging the size of their child's vocabulary.
During a routine wellness examination, the nurse is trying to determine how well a 5-year-old boy communicates and comprehends instructions. What is the best specific trigger question to determine the preschooler's linguistic and cognitive progress? -"Would you say your son has a vocabulary of about 900 words?" -"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" -"Is your son's speech clear enough that anyone can understand it?" -"Does your son speak in complete sentences all the time?"
"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" Explanation: Asking how well the boy communicates and follows instructions is the best trigger question because it is open-ended. Asking if the child uses complete sentences or speaks clearly will elicit a yes or no answer about only those specific areas of development. The parents would have no way of judging the size of their child's vocabulary.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-age children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? -"I will appear heavier due to an increase in fat production." -"There are not many physical differences among school age boys." -"I will have improved gross motor skills." -"I will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm) per year."
"I will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm) per year." Explanation: During the school-age years, the child will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm). As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. As development occurs, weight does increase, but it is not directly related to fat production. This is an area where much education needs to occur with young girls because "dieting" can be detrimental to the child's health and increased size is tied to the child's body image and self-esteem. By 10 years of age, brain growth is complete, and fine motor coordination is refined.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-age children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? -"I will appear heavier due to an increase in fat production." -"There are not many physical differences among school age boys." -"I will have improved gross motor skills." -"I will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm) per year."
"I will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm) per year." Explanation: During the school-age years, the child will grow an average of 2.5 in (6.5 cm). As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. As development occurs, weight does increase, but it is not directly related to fat production. This is an area where much education needs to occur with young girls because "dieting" can be detrimental to the child's health and increased size is tied to the child's body image and self-esteem. By 10 years of age, brain growth is complete, and fine motor coordination is refined.
During a health history assessment, the mother of a 10-year-old girl tells you that her daughter does not have time to "play" because she is busy going to gymnastics, cheerleading, art class, flute lessons, reading club, and soccer. What should the nurse's response be? -"Play helps children to develop cognitively, socially, physically, and emotionally." -"Wow, that is a lot of stuff for a girl her age." -"It is understandable not playing any more with all these other activities." -"All of these other activities teach you as much as traditional play."
"Play helps children to develop cognitively, socially, physically, and emotionally." Explanation: It is important to recognize that the child is busy with other activities but that this does not replace the need to engage in play. Children need time to play because it helps them to develop cognitively, socially, physically, and emotionally. Play at this age embodies the needs for rules and structures. Engaging in group activities allows children to be part of a social group.
The nurse is educating foster parents regarding their recently fostered 9-year-old girl. What statement by the parents indicate the need for further assessment with regard to her age-appropriate growth and development? Select all that apply. -"She has been reluctant to go to school each morning." -"She seems intent on being part of a club that has a secret password." -"She was very quiet when she was put into a new classroom at school." -"She is very concerned with cleanliness and showers two to three times a day most days." -"She gets argumentative and refuses to follow the rules to board games and card games."
-"She gets argumentative and refuses to follow the rules to board games and card games." -"She is very concerned with cleanliness and showers two to three times a day most days." Correct response: Your selection: Explanation: The lack of interest or willingness to attend school is not abnormal for a child of this age facing change. The parent indicating the child is not willing or interested in following the rules of a game is a concern. Typically, this age group enjoys learning the rules and are strict with them. Children in this age group can perform their own hygiene but do not place importance on showering as much as their parents. Showering twice per day is a concern as this isn't usually apparent until the child's teen years. This age group enjoys clubs with secret passwords, handshakes and languages. Depending on their temperament, they may be quiet when in a new or unfamiliar environment. If this is not a drastic change to their usual temperament, it is not a concern. Activities like sports are important for this age group for both physical development and for learning rules and teamwork.
A nurse in the clinic observes a school-age child pushing another child. The parent is watching without disciplining the child and tells the nurse, "They just do what they want to and do not listen to anything I say." What can the nurse inform that parent about the development of self-confidence in the child? Select all that apply. -Involve the child in activities that match their abilities. -The child needs to be able to do what they want to develop self-confidence. -The child needs to make their own decisions about behavior to develop self-confidence. -The child needs consistent rules to develop self-confidence. -Ensure the child can master the tasks they are assigned.
-The child needs consistent rules to develop self-confidence. -Ensure the child can master the tasks they are assigned. -Involve the child in activities that match their abilities. Correct response: Explanation: To establish confidence, the parent should ensure that the child is able to master tasks and achieve goals set before them. School-age children also need consistent rules to help them develop self-confidence. Allowing the child to do whatever they want and make their own decisions will not help the child develop self-confidence but can instead result in bad decisions and lead to poor self-confidence.
At a routine health checkup, a nurse assesses a child who has just turned 8 years of age. The nurse determines that the child is meeting developmental milestones for this age based on which finding(s)? Select all that apply. -has difficulty putting thoughts in chronological order -takes into account the point of view of others -demonstrates symmetrical balance demonstrates the -ability to group things in descending order able to move -gracefully
-able to move gracefully -demonstrates symmetrical balance Correct response: Explanation: An 8-year-old child can typically put one's thoughts in chronological order, but the child is not yet able to group things in descending order or look at others' points of view. Grouping things in descending order and considering others' points of view are more commonly achieved by age 9. This age group also has symmetric balance and has graceful movements.
A nurse is working with a family that has two children who were identified as overweight based on screening. Which of the following strategies would be important for the nurse to include in assisting the family? Select all that apply. -involving the entire family in the program -using food as a punishment -encouraging moderate exercise for 60 minutes/day -focusing on rapid weight loss regimens -emphasizing that the family not skip meals
-encouraging moderate exercise for 60 minutes/day -emphasizing that the family not skip meals -involving the entire family in the program Correct response: Explanation: The entire family needs to be involved in the treatment plan, with emphasis on long-term permanent changes and not rapid weight loss. The nurse should promote moderate exercise for all for 60 minutes/day. Additionally, the nurse would encourage meal planning and discourage skipping meals. The nurse would counsel the family not to use food as punishment or reward.
The nurse at an elementary school is explaining the concept of industry versus inferiority to a group of nursing students. What is part of this stage of Erikson's theory? -Lack of the ability to think abstractly -A sense of competence, mastery, and worth -The principle of conservation -The conventional stage of development
A sense of competence, mastery, and worth Explanation: Erikson states that school-agers receive satisfaction from developing new skills and successfully using them to accomplish goals (industry). Failing (without adult support) or being unable to meet expectations that are set too high can result in feelings of inferiority. Lacking the ability for abstract thought is a cognitive skill and part of Piaget's theory, as is the principle of conservation. The conventional stage belongs to Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Parents of an 8-year-old client report the child struggles with the chore of cleaning their bedroom. What advice will the nurse give to assist with this challenge for a child at this stage of development? -Provide a consequence of loss of privileges until they complete the chore. -Offer a treat as an incentive for completing the chore. -Take away any toys or items that are left on the floor if not cleaned up. -Break the chore into smaller tasks that the child can accomplish more easily.
Break the chore into smaller tasks that the child can accomplish more easily. Explanation: In the early school-age years, children have the developmental task of achieving a sense of industry. Breaking the job into smaller tasks that they can feel accomplished about provides a "reward" to assist them in completing a larger job. Treats are not required as a reward for children of this age. Providing consequences, such as loss of toys or loss of privileges, does not allow for the development of industry nor support children to learn how to complete the job.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 6-year-old with pneumonia. The child frequently requests peanut butter crackers during the day and evening hours. What does the nurse understand about food intake for children of this age group? -Many children like peanut butter crackers and no other foods. -This child may have an underlying gastrointestinal disorder, because children of this age will eat anything. -Increased appetite and a tendency to go on "food jags" are typical. -The parents are not feeding the child appropriately at home.
Increased appetite and a tendency to go on "food jags" are typical. Explanation: Increased appetite and a tendency to go on food "jags" (the desire for only one kind of food for awhile) are typical of 6 year olds. This stage soon passes and is unimportant if the child generally gets the necessary nutrients.
An 8-year-old boy who says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up pleads with the nurse to let him put on his own band-aid after receiving an injection. The nurse agrees and watches as the boy very carefully lines the band-aid up with the mark left by the injection and applies it to his skin. Then he asks, "Did I do it right?" and waits eagerly for the nurse's feedback. The nurse recognizes in this situation the boy's attempt to master the primary developmental step of school age. What is that step? -Accommodation -Perfectionism -Conservation -Industry
Industry Explanation: During the early school years, children attempt to master their new developmental step: learning a sense of industry or accomplishment. Accommodation is the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding there can be more than one reason for other people's actions. Conservation is the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size. Perfectionism is the desire to do something perfectly. The boy's desire to apply the band-aid "the right way" is a hallmark of the development of industry. The other answers are not as pertinent.
An 8-year-old boy who says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up pleads with the nurse to let him put on his own band-aid after receiving an injection. The nurse agrees and watches as the boy very carefully lines the band-aid up with the mark left by the injection and applies it to his skin. Then he asks, "Did I do it right?" and waits eagerly for the nurse's feedback. The nurse recognizes in this situation the boy's attempt to master the primary developmental step of school age. What is that step? -Conservation -Accommodation -Industry -Perfectionism
Industry Explanation: During the early school years, children attempt to master their new developmental step: learning a sense of industry or accomplishment. Accommodation is the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding there can be more than one reason for other people's actions. Conservation is the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size. Perfectionism is the desire to do something perfectly. The boy's desire to apply the band-aid "the right way" is a hallmark of the development of industry. The other answers are not as pertinent.
The nurse has determined that an 8-year-old girl is at risk for being overweight. Which intervention would be a priority prior to developing the care plan? -Discussing the influence of peers on the child's diet -Determining the need for additional caloric intake -Asking the parents which clinicians or health care professionals they feel should work with the child -Interviewing the parents about their eating habits
Interviewing the parents about their eating habits Explanation: The nurse would need to find out what the parents' eating habits are like. It would not be necessary to determine the need for additional caloric intake. Developing a multidisciplinary plan is an intervention for a child with growth and development problems. Discussing the influence of peers is an intervention used for preventing injury.
The nurse finds 48 packets of sugar on the bedside table of a hospitalized 10-year-old child. Based on this child's growth and development, what action is best for the nurse to take? -Leave the sugar packets in the drawer and not discuss them with the child. -Tell the parents about finding the sugar packets. -Ask the child why there are so many packets of sugar in the drawer. -Discard the packets of sugar in the process of cleaning.
Leave the sugar packets in the drawer and not discuss them with the child. Explanation: At 10 years, children often enter a "collecting" stage, making whatever object they are collecting precious and important to them. This comes from the developmental theorist Piaget. Hospitalized children often fear the loss of control. Collecting "hospital items" gives the child a sense of control. Throwing out the sugar packets could cause the child significant distress. Confronting the child could also cause the child distress and cause the child to feel as if privacy has been violated. Talking to the parents also violates the child's privacy. Unless the child demonstrates any signs of only eating sweets and not healthy food on the dietary tray, no intervention would be needed.
The nurse is conducting a support group for parents of 9- and 10-year-olds. The parents express concern about the amount of time their children want to spend with friends outside the home. What should the nurse teach the parents that peer groups provide? -time to remain dependent on their parents -a sense of security as children gain independence -time to establish relationships with the opposite sex an -opportunity for children to become self sufficient
a sense of security as children gain independence Explanation: Nine-year-olds take their peer group seriously. They are more interested in how other children dress than what their parents want them to wear. This is the age where groups are formed and others are excluded from the club. This age group is imitating their peers as they develop their own identity and separate from their parents. Groups are fluid as they change regularly due to many reasons: each member lives on the same street, each member plays on the same ball team, or one member has fewer material things than the others, etc. Security is gained through these clubs because it helps the school-age child develop independence away from the family. Most of the time in the school-age child, peer group relationships are with same-sex friends. Children do not become self-sufficient through these clubs. They remain dependent on their families for their physical needs.
The Boy Scouts is an organization that continues to be a favorite with school-aged boys because: -fathers participate in Boy Scouts. -hiking is a favorite school-aged activity. -no girls are included in the organization. -merit badges require completing small tasks for rewards.
merit badges require completing small tasks for rewards. Explanation: An organization that allows school-aged children to complete small tasks and receive rewards helps develop a sense of industry.
A nurse is speaking with a 7-year-old boy in the hospital. The boy asks the nurse, "Where is the westroom? I need to use the westroom." The nurse recognizes that this developmental problem is which of the following? -caries -malocclusion -broken fluency -poor articulation
poor articulation Explanation: The common speech problem of the preschool years is broken fluency; the most common problem of a school-age child is articulation. The child has difficulty pronouncing s, z, th, l, r, and w or substitutes w for r ("westroom" instead of "restroom") or r for l ("radies' room" instead of "ladies' room"). Malocclusion (a deviation tooth position from the normal) may be congenital due to conditions such as cleft palate, a small lower jaw, or familial traits tending toward malocclusion. Caries (cavities) are progressive, destructive lesions or decalcification of the tooth enamel and dentin.
A mother tells the nurse she is having difficulty getting her 6-year-old to do chores. Based on the child's developmental level, what activity would be best for the nurse to recommend to the mother? -vacuuming -folding clothes -putting books on shelf -raking leaves
putting books on shelf Explanation: School age children need rewards for their accomplishments. Small chores which can be completed quickly give this type of reward. Children can survey their finished work and see they have done a good job. Picking up toys or putting books on the shelf offers a reward because children can clearly see the result of their work. Vacuuming is a chore children do not necessarily like because once finished the rug looks the same before they started. There is no reward for the process. Raking leaves serves as only a temporary reward because even though the child can see the result of the leaves in a pile the leaves still need to be bagged or disposed. Folding clothes also offers small reward because for many 6-year-olds larger pieces of clothing can be too cumbersome to fold correctly and they are not rewarded as the clothes still need to be put away.
