Chapter 26: Reproduction Part 3

How long does it take a fertilized zygote to reach the uterus after fertilization

4 days

When does implantation normally occur

7 days after fertilization

What is true or hCG

allows corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone which tapers as the placenta begins to produce it; stimulates fetal testes to produce testosterone; it is the main chemical detected by pregnancy test kits

What are the main materials that a newborn receives from colostrum

antibodies

A hollow ball of cells formed from a zygote is called

blastocyst

The outer later of the blastocyst forms the _____ while the inner layer forms the _____

chorion; embryo

What are the fingerlike projections of the preplacental cells that penetrate the endometrium

chorionic villi

What is the thin, low-fat secretion produced by mothers immediately after birth

colostrum

How do the blood vessels of the chorionic villi come in direct contact with maternal blood

enzymes from chorionic villi break down maternal BVs

The placenta takes over production of what two hormones from the corpus luteum as the fetus develops

estrogen and progesterone

If a woman does not breastfeed her child, it cannot receive antibodies from her and will not develop immunities; true or false

false

In the wall of the placenta, maternal and embryonic blood mix freely; true or false

false

Mammary glands enlarge and begin to produce milk as a result of estrogen and progesterone; true or false

false

The placenta receives the majority of maternal cardiac output; true or false

false

The signal that starts the onset of parturition are well known to scientist who study it; true or false

false

What are important ingredients contained in mothers milk

fat, sugar, water, protein and vitamins

What processes occur between the chorionic villi and maternal blood in the uterus

gas, nutrient and waste exchange

What are symptoms of menopause

hot flashes and reduction in breast size

Why would milk production be considered as excretion rather than secretion

its going to the outside of the body

What are the possible complications of abnormal/premature separation of the placenta

massive blood loss and death

The ceasing of menstrual cycles in later years is referred to as

menopause

What is the scientific term for the birth process

parturition

What type of mechanism controls the progress of parturition

positive feedback loops

What secretory structure controls milk production? how

prolactin via the anterior pituitary

How does the blastocyst become embedded in the wall of the endometrium

secretes enzymes (like parasite)

What are the effects of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy

suppress ovulation; helps develop breasts for milk production; prevents premature contractions of the uterus

The production and movement of milk is similar to the production and movement of

sweat

Why is SERM therapy better than estrogen replacement in post menopausal woman

there are no detrimental effects on breasts and uterus like with estrogen replacement therapy

Both oxytocin and CRH are possible causes of the onset of parturition; true or false

true

Immunity is conferred from the mother to the offspring both before and after birth; true or false

true

The placenta is a structure grown by the mother to assist her developing fetus receive the nutrients it need; true or false

true

The way that a growing fetus receives nutrients from its mother is exactly the same way that a parasite receives its nutrients from a host; true or false

true

The way that antibodies move into the fetal blood is similar to how nutrients move into its blood; true or false

true

What is the sequence of vessels that fetal blood moves through as it leaves the fetus and then returns

umbilical arteries to placental capillaries and back to umbilical veins