Chapter 26 Upper Repiratory Disorders ( Allergic Rhinitis)
What is the medical treatment for allegic rhinitis?
Refer to an allergist Allergist applies solutions of common allergens to the skin. Allergens are applied in a specific pattern so that the client's reaction to them can be assessed individually. Injections "allergy shots." The injections are composed of dilute solutions of the allergens to which the person reacts.
How would you diagnose allergic rhinitis?
Detailed history. Diary describing all episodes and help to identify possible allergens
When does Allergic Rhinitis/ Hay fever occur?
Follows exposure to a substance that causes an allergic response (allergen).
What are medical treatments to treat allergic rhinitis (medications)?
Intranasal corticosteroids/oral or intranasal antihistamines. Second-generation antihistamines (e.g., Zyrtec) are preferred over first-generation antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) because they are less sedating. Decongestants help to relieve symptoms. First-generation antihistamines should be used cautiously in older clients because they are sedating, which could lead to falls. Advise clients to consult with a physician or a pharmacist about the most appropriate (OTC) drugs. Treated as outpatient Reinforce teaching about immunotherapy and drug therapy Clients advised to begin intranasal corticosteroids several weeks before allergy season
What are signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
Sneezing, watery and itchy eyes nasal obstruction clear nasal discharge frontal headache The nasal mucosa is often pale, red, or bluish.
How long does intermittent allergic rhinitis last?
Typically lasts several weeks, resolves, does not return until the offending pollens reappear.
What is the cause of persistent form of allergic rhinitis?
allergens in the environment, such as house dust and animal dander
What causes intermittent allergic rhinistis?
exposure to pollens
What triggers an allergic response?
overuse of decongestant nose drops or sprays.
What is an allergic response?
reaction to the release of chemicals, including histamine, that cause vasodilation/increased capillary permeability. Fluid leaks from the capillaries, causing swelling of the nasal mucosa.
