Chapter 27-29 test

The mastoid process is located approximately

1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma , you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

The ______ is the best protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory system

Brain stem

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, C5

A temporary loss or alteration of part of all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain most accurately describes an

Cerebral concussion

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

A 45 year old male was working on his roof when he feel approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should :

Immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine?

No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.

Primary assessment

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following , except

Rapid, thready pulse

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury , the emt's immediate priority should be to :

Wear gloves and facial protection

A reflex arc occurs when

a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve.

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway.

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is

airway compromise

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees , and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of

axial loading

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

blowout fracture

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:

conjunctivitis

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

engorged jugular veins

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

globe

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are most commonly the result of

hangings

The effectiveness of positive pressure ventilations when treating a head injury patient can only be determined by

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

it causes a problem managing the airway.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

The lower jawbone is called the

mandible

The upper jawbones are called the:

maxillae

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

may rise as high as the nipple line.

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing.

A 28 year old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid , irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen you should

prepare for immediate transport.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

pulmonary contusion

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

pupillary constriction

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

retina

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal column injury.

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.

tachypnea

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

the four-person log roll.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

Children are often "belly breathers" because

their intercostal muscles are not developed

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient.

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar you should

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.