Chapter 29-2
Among the seven kinds of intelligence, Howard Gardner includes a. language ability. b. awareness of one's own feelings. c. sensitivity to others' feelings. d. all of the above.
d
Children who attain IQ scores below 70 are usually labeled as a. mentally retarded. b. intellectually deficient. c. low average. d. a and b only.
d
George is an adult and wants to enhance his own intellectual functioning. What are some techniques he could use to achieve this goal? a. Visit other countries. b. Choose intelligent friends. c. Read many different kinds of material. d. All of the above
d
Human intelligence permits us to a. think about abstractions. b. adapt to a great variety of living conditions. c. challenge our physical limitations. d. all of the above.
d
In Robert Sternberg's triarchic model, creativity is similar to Aristotle's _______________ intelligence. a. theoretical b. logical c. verbal d. productive
d
In the MacArthur longitudinal twin study, researchers found that identical (MZ) twins were more similar to each other than fraternal (DZ) twins in a. ability to categorize things. b. word comprehension. c. spatial memory. d. all of the above.
d
It has been shown that Head Start programs have an enhancing effect on a. achievement test scores. b. academic skills. c. IQ scores. d. all of the above.
d
L. L. Thurstone identified nine specific factors of intelligence, which he called a. factor analysis. b. s factors. c. g abilities. d. primary mental abilities.
d
Moderate correlations are generally found between the IQ scores of a. siblings. b. parents and their children. c. fraternal (dizygotic) twins. d. all of the above.
d
One advantage of the Wechsler scales is that they a. focus exclusively on adult intelligence. b. are divided into 100 subtests, each containing 100 questions. c. are administered in groups to children, adolescents, or adults. d. highlight children's relative strengths and weaknesses as well as measure overall intellectual functioning.
d
Preschool intervention programs have been found to a. improve children's IQ scores. b. increase the likelihood of the children's going to college. c. improve the children's chances of a happy marriage. d. a and b only.
d
Research on genetic factors in human intelligence has used _______________ studies. a. twin b. adoptee c. kinship d. all of the above
d
Studies of environmental influences on intelligence utilize such research strategies as a. observing the role of the home environment. b. evaluating the effects of educational programs. c. taking gene pool samples. d. a and b.
d
Studies suggest that the heritability of intelligence is between 40% and 60%. This is the same as saying a. about 50% of your intelligence was inherited and the other half developed out of experience b. about 50% of the variations in IQ scores are due to genetic factors. c. both a and b are correct. d. none of the above.
b
1920's-30's Thurstone scale
Thurstone
According to Binet, Tom who is 10 years old should answer more of the IQ test questions correctly than a. June who is 6 years old. b. Jack who is 12 years old.. c. Sue who is 16 years old. d. Bob who is 14 years old
a
According to kinship studies, biological parents are to genetic influence as adoptive parents are to a. environmental influence. b. relationship influence. c. hereditary influence. d. none of the above.
a
Among the environmental factors that influence IQ scores is a. the testing situation itself. b. the mental age of the child's parents. c. the effect of certain amino acids in the child's family's diet. d. all of the above.
a
Dr. Westler is a psychologist. If he is like most psychologists today, he generally views intelligence as a. a trait. b. social behavior. c. academic success. d. job achievement.
a
IQ tests are valid when administered to individuals who a. understand the language of the test. b. come from any country of origin regardless of their spoken language. c. are over age 21. d. have a college degree.
a
In 1904, _______________ suggested that the behaviors we call "intelligent" have one common underlying factor. a. Charles Spearman b. J. P. Guilford c. Carl Jung d. C. J. Steinner
a
Maria is 5 years old. Her mother is nurturing and affirming. She encourages Maria's independence and provides appropriate play materials and varied activities. What effect can this have on Maria's IQ score? a. The score will increase. b. The score will decrease. c. The score will not change. d. Maria is too young to take an IQ test.
a
Norbert cannot acquire speech or most self-help skills such as feeding himself. Most likely, he would be labeled a. severely retarded. b. moderately retarded. c. mildly retarded. d. borderline in intellectual functioning.
a
The Bell Curve is a book that deals with the controversy regarding a. intelligence and IQ tests. b. statistical representation of test scores. c. geometric graphing techniques. d. none of the above.
a
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence yielded a score called the a. mental age. b. intelligence score. c. mental quotient. d. intelligence scale.
a
The contemporary view of giftedness is a. consistent with Gardner's view that there are multiple intelligences. b. remarkably similar to Binet's definition. c. based on Wechsler's scales of intelligence d. none of the above.
a
The psychologist who said that there are hundreds of factors in intelligence was a. J. P. Guilford. b. Howard Gardner. c. Carol Gilligan. d. Wayne Gretzky.
a
The _______________ is often used to assess adaptive behavior. a. Wessler Adaptive Behavior Test. b. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. c. Guilford Intelligence Scale. d. Sternberg Intelligence Scale.
b
The major problem with J. P. Guilford's approach to intelligence is a. difficulty computing the IQ scores. b. overlap among many of the proposed factors. c. discovery of more factors each year. d. all of the above.
b
According to Charles Spearman, "g" refers to a. a variety of intuitive functions. b. broad reasoning and problem-solving abilities. c. generative and creative reasoning skills. d. specific personality variables.
b
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon believed that a child's intelligence influences his or her a. independence. b. academic success. c. peer relations. d. predisposition for disorders.
b
Anthony graduated from high school with a 4.0 G.P.A. and scored 1595 points on the SAT, a well-above-average score. Sternberg's model of intelligence would rate Anthony high on _______________ intelligence. a. logical b. analytical c. perceptual d. practical
b
Before eight-year-old Jesse takes an IQ test, the teacher is warm and friendly and makes every effort to ensure test directions are understood. How might this affect his test score? a. His score will not be affected. b. His score will be higher due to less test anxiety c. His score will be lower due to distraction. d. Either a or c could happen.
b
Charles Spearman's research on the relationships among verbal, mathematical, and spatial reasoning supported the existence of a. g. b. s factors. c. SI factors d. all of the above.
b
Cognition is to thinking as intelligence is to an _______________. a. achievement b. ability c. accomplishment d. all of the above
b
During the 1920s, intelligence tests were used to a. measure such factors as anger and resentment of authority. b. prevent many Europeans from immigrating to the United States. c. develop methods of gathering intelligence about the armies of America's enemies d. all of the above.
b
Francis is 21 years old. She demonstrates a 6th grade level in reading and arithmetic, adequate self-maintenance skills and has a job as an assistant janitor. She is most likely _______________ retarded. a. moderately b. mildly c. profoundly d. severely
b
Gifted is to very superior as retarded is to _______________. a. slow b. intellectually deficient c. borderline d. dumb
b
Instead of using mental ages to compute an IQ, Wechsler based IQ scores on how a person's answers compare with those attained by others of the same age. This concept is known as the _______________ IQ. a. performance b. deviation c. standard d. peer group
b
Listening to and studying music may enhance at least one aspect of intellectual functioning such as spatial reasoning. This is called the a. music effect. b. Mozart effect. c. memory effect. d. none of the above.
b
On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, vocabulary is to verbal concepts as _______________ is to spatial-relations concepts. a. digit span b. picture arrangement c. similarities d. information
b
Practical intelligence is what might be called _______________. a. book smart b. street smart c. novel ideas d. reasoning
b
Robert Sternberg's triarchic model of intelligence is most similar to a. Spearman's g. b. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. c. Salovey's theory of emotional intelligence. d. a and b only
b
When social class factors are not taken into consideration, ethnic differences for intelligence test scores seem to follow which pattern? a. European Americans score above Native Americans, who score above Asian Americans. b. African Americans score below European Americans, who score below Asian Americans. c. Latino Americans score about the same as European Americans, who score above Asian Americans. d. Native Americans score about the same as African Americans, who score above Latino Americans.
b
Which immigrant is likely to score higher on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale? a. A Russian b. An Englishman c. A German d. A Vietnamese
b
According to Robert Sternberg, academic ability is _______________ intelligence. a. practical b. logical c. analytical d. verbal
c
Alvin is a retarded child. He has learned to speak and to dress himself, but he cannot read or compute numbers. Most likely, he would be labeled _______________ retarded. a. profoundly b. severely c. moderately d. borderline
c
Charles Spearman developed a statistical technique known as a. general intelligence analysis. b. specific abilities analysis. c. factor analysis. d. primary mental abilities analysis.
c
David is a typical, nontechnically oriented college student. It would not be unusual for him to attain _______________ IQs on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. a. below average b. much below average c. higher verbal than performance d. higher performance than verbal
c
Diana Baumrind and Jacquelyne Jackson argue that emphasizing the predominance of heredity on intellectual functioning can be particularly harmful to which group of children? a. all children b. European-American children c. African-American children d. none of the above
c
Dr. Hynes is like most psychologists today. He agrees that intelligence provides the _______________ basis for academic achievement. a. affective b. behavioral c. cognitive d. philosophical
c
Eric is an average level student, but compared to his more academically gifted friends he has the best job and was promoted within the first 6 weeks of taking the position. According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Eric demonstrates a high level of _______________ intelligence. a. creative b. analytical c. practical d. primary
c
Factor "s" is to business skill as factor "g" is to _______________. a. mechanical ability b. musical talent c. adaptive problem-solving abilities d. sales techniques
c
Francine attained an IQ score of 130. She would usually be labeled as intellectually a. challenged. b. suitable. c. gifted. d. unstable.
c
If, in order to score well on intelligence tests, one needs to have had a certain kind of cultural experience, then the tests are considered to have a(n) a. cultural anthropology b. cultural interdependence. c. cultural bias. d. all of the above.
c
Jack is 8 years old and has a mental age of 10. His IQ score is _______________. a. 80 b. 115 c. 125 d. 120
c
Much of what psychologists know about the progress of gifted children comes from a. recent studies conducted in private schools. b. a long-term study begun by Sigmund Freud in 1883. c. L. H. Terman's longitudinal studies of genius. d. widespread use of group intelligence tests in the public schools.
c
On the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Tom answered more items correctly than his friend Ted. Yet Ted's IQ score was higher than Tom's. How can this be possible? a. Tom is younger than Ted. b. Ted is older than Tom. c. Ted is younger than Tom. d. None of the above.
c
The Mozart effect is most likely the result of a. activation of neural pathways for spatial reasoning b. mood change caused by the music. c. both a and b are possible. d. none of the above.
c
The Wechsler IQ test scores reflect a. intellectual abilities. b. understanding of American cultural concepts. c. both a and b. d. none of the above.
c
The average Wechsler scale test result at a given age is defined as a. 50. b. 80. c. 100. d. none of the above.
c
The best summary statement to characterize the heritability of intelligence is that a. environmental factors only minimally affect intelligence. b. genetic factors only minimally affect intelligence. c. genetic factors account for about half of the variation in intelligence test scores among individuals. d. genetic factors account for about 90% of the variation in intelligence test scores among individuals.
c
The psychologist who proposed nine specific factors called primary mental abilities was a. Alfred Binet. b. Charles Spearman. c. L. L. Thurstone. d. J. P. Guilford.
c
The tendency to focus on a conventional negative belief about one's own group so that the person risks behaving in a way that confirms that belief is called a. internal prejudice. b. external stereotyping. c. stereotype vulnerability. d. internal stereotyping.
c
The two most widely used intelligence tests are the _______________ IQ tests. a. Sternberg and Wechsler b. Guilford and Spearman-Boyd c. Stanford-Binet and Wechsler d. Stanford-Binet and Wilkenson
c
Which of the following is not one of the several techniques that have been suggested to increase children's intellectual functioning? a. Be emotionally and verbally responsive to children. b. Get involved in their play. c. Provide a limited number of experiences. d. Encourage children to be independent.
c
______________'s theory of intelligence is reminiscent of Aristotle's view in Greek philosophy. a. Howard Gardner b. J. P. Guilford c. Robert Sternberg d. Charles Spearman
c
_______________ is to computers as human intelligence is to the brain. a. Assimilated intelligence b. Acquired intelligence c. Artificial intelligence d. Complex intelligence
c
A government-funded enriched preschool program for disadvantaged children is called a. Heart Start. b. Health Start. c. Home Start. d. none of the above.
d
The French psychologist Alfred Binet a. proposed a set of stages in the development of intelligence. b. developed statistical techniques for measuring intellectual differences among groups. c. proposed a "unified theory" of intelligence. d. developed modern methods of intelligence testing.
d
The individual who revised the Binet-Simon scale into an English version, which became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was _______________. a. Charles Spearman b. David Wechsler c. Theodore Simon d. Louis Terman
d
The men and women in L. H. Terman's studies of genius a. were generally well-adjusted. b. had rates of psychological disorder below the national average. c. had suicide rates below the national average. d. all of the above.
d
The one-to-one administration of the SBIS and the Wechsler scales a. is considered optimal. b. allows the examiner to observe the test taker closely. c. lets the examiner facilitate the test taker's performance within the limits of standardized directions. d. all of the above.
d
The same studies that seem to demonstrate the heritability of IQ scores also suggest that the environment plays a role in determining IQ scores. Such studies show that a. twins reared together show higher correlations in their IQ scores than twins reared apart. b. parents and their children living together show higher correlations than parents and children living apart. c. unrelated persons reared together show higher correlations than unrelated persons living apart. d. all of the above.
d
The theory of emotional intelligence has been developed and/or written about by a. Salovey. b. Mayer. c. Daniel Goleman. d. all of the above.
d
The theory of emotional intelligence suggests that emotional intelligence a. is best learned during the window of childhood. b. molds the brain's emotional responses to life's challenges c. should be taught in school d. all of the above.
d
When we speak of a factor in intelligence, we mean a. genetic. b. germinal. c. grand unified. d. general.
d
Which of the following is a possible cause of mental retardation? a. Prenatal exposure to alcohol b. Childhood accidents c. Malnutrition d. All of the above
d
Which of the following is not a cultural factor in intelligence tests? a. Familiarity with the cultural concepts needed to correctly answer test questions b. Familiarity with materials such as pencils and paper c. Familiarity with blocks, words, and tests d. None of the above; they are all cultural factors
d
Which of the following statements is true regarding IQ scores? a. Middle-class Whites outscore lower-class Whites. b. Middle-class African Americans outscore lower-class African Americans c. Middle-class Hispanics outscore lower-class Hispanics. d. All of the above statements are true.
d
1980's-90's theory of multiple intelligences
gardner
early 1900's G vs S g=general s=specific factor analysis
spearman
best predictor of future academic success; revised by Lewis Terman; used with children, organized by age
stanford-binet intelligence scale
2000's triarchic theory of intelligence
sternberg
Howard Gardner's theory of eight intelligences used to solve problems or solve culturally significant products
theory of multiple intelligences
Scale that measure multiple dimensions of an attitude by asking test takers to agree/disagree with a series of statements
thurstone scale
Robert Sternberg's theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative and practical dimensions
triarchic theory of intelligence
the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
wechsler adult intelligence scale