Chapter 29: Modernism in Europe, 1900-1945

According to Picasso, what does the bull that appears in his monumental 1937 painting Guernica represent? a. Brutality and darkness b. Man and woman c. Good and evil d. Gentleness and light

a. Brutality and darkness

In his essay titled "Notes of a Painter," what did Henri Matisse describe as his primary goal as a painter in works such as Harmony in Red? a. Expression b. Realism c. Objectivity d. Idealism

a. Expression

Who were the founding members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider)? a. Kandinsky and Marc b. Kirchner and Nolde c. Picasso and Braque d. Duchamp and Picabia

a. Kandinsky and Marc

Which influential French artist was active in Paris as well as a central figure in New York Dada? a. Marcel Duchamp b. Meret Oppenheim c. Georges Braque d. Henri Matisse

a. Marcel Duchamp

Who became the director of the Bauhaus in Germany in 1919? a. Walter Gropius b. Josef Albers c. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe d. Marcel Breuer

a. Walter Gropius

Many early-20th-century sculptors such as Constantin Brancusi, Barbara Hepworth, and Henry Moore championed what quality as the modern sculptor's proper goal? a. New Objectivity b. Abstraction c. Idealism d. Realism

b. Abstraction

Which architect railed against the excesses of the Art Nouveau style and wrote a 1908 polemic entitled Ornament and Crime? a. Walter Gropius b. Adolf Loos c. Gerrit Rietveld d. Le Corbusier

b. Adolf Loos

What term is employed to describe the early-20th-century artists and movements that were ahead of their time and transgressed the limits of established art forms? a. Academic art b. Avant-garde c. The Pre-Raphaelites d. Secession

b. Avant-garde

With its open plan, emphasis on intersecting lines and planes, and restricted color scheme, Gerrit Rietveld's Schröder House represents the architectural corollary to what modern movement? a. Constructivism b. De Stijl c. Cubism d. Expressionism

b. De Stijl

Picasso completed his 1906-1907 portrait Gertrude Stein by incorporating features of what kind of sculpture? a. Hellenistic b. Iberian c. Classical Greek d. Cycladic

b. Iberian

Which work by Pablo Picasso incorporates radically abstracted bodies and heads in the form of African masks? a. Family of Saltimbanques b. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon c. Three Musicians d. Guernica

b. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

The concrete tangibility of Meret Oppenheim's sculptural Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure) (Luncheon in Fur) makes it a particularly effective example of what style of art? a. Constructivism b. Surrealism c. New Objectivity d. Expressionism

b. Surrealism

Vera Mukhina's Worker and Collective Farm Woman (1937) conforms to what official Russian style of art, established in 1934? a. Futurism b. Suprematism c. Soviet Realism d. Constructivism

c. Soviet Realism

Artists of which style used methods such as automatism to provoke reactions closely related to subconscious experience? a. Cubists b. Futurists c. Surrealists d. Suprematists

c. Surrealists

Which avant-garde movement was cofounded by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner? a. Futurism b. Cubism c. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider) d. Die Brücke (The Bridge)

d. Die Brücke (The Bridge)

Which style is employed in Henri Matisse's intensely colored, shockingly bright painting titled Woman with the Hat? a. Futurism b. Cubism c. Surrealism d. Fauvism

d. Fauvism

Which German Expressionist artist frequently employed animals in artwork, believing them to be more pure than humans, and thus more appropriate vehicles for expressing inner truth? a. Emil Nolde b. Käthe Kollwitz c. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner d. Franz Marc

d. Franz Marc

Who was responsible for mounting the Degenerate Art exhibition in 1937? a. Soviet Russia b. The American Abstract Artists group c. The Surrealists d. Hitler and the Nazis

d. Hitler and the Nazis

Otto Dix, George Grosz, and Max Beckmann were all associated with which artistic movement? a. Der Blaue Reiter b. Soviet Realism c. Suprematism d. Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity)

d. Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity)

Though he shunned formal association with avant-garde groups, Paul Klee's interest in the unconscious, his employment of private symbols, and his desire to penetrate "the reality behind visible things" align him with what style? a. Fauvism b. Cubism c. Futurism d. Surrealism

d. Surrealism