chapter 29: seedless plants
Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?
- Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants. - Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans.
liverwort features
- Gametophytes have rhizoids. - They may be leafy or lobed. - thaulls with rhizoids - form gametangia in umbrella-shaped structure - gemma cups - reproduce asexually
Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.
- Higher levels of UV light on land - Less water availability in a terrestrial environment
Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.
- Less water availability in a terrestrial environment - Higher levels of UV light on land
Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?
- The ability to photosynthesize - Diploid embryos - Multicellular haploid and diploid generations
Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.
- The presence of specialized water transporting tissues - The presence of stomata for gas exchange - The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces
Select all true statements about hornworts.
- Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. - Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. - Their sporophytes have stomata.
true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.
- They are photosynthetic (green) and have rhizomes - lost roots and leaves secondarily
Hornwort features:
- external, photosynethetic - 1 Chloroplast - sporophyte is photosynethetic and embedded in gametophyte tissue - sporophyte have stomata that can open and close to regulate gas exchange
all components of fern sporophytes
- fiddleheads - rhizomes - fronds - sori - prothallium
3 clades of vascular tissue
- lycophytes - pterophytes - seed plants
Lycophytes (club mosses)
- the sporophyte generation is dominant. - Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues - Diverged from other vascular plants before roots evolved
Tracheophytes features
- vascular tissue (xylem/phloem) - vascular tissue develops only sporophyte - vascular plants have reduced gametophyte - stems evolved before leafs and roots
Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?
Diploid embryos Multicellular gametophytes Multicellular sporophytes
Select all types of leaves found in vascular plants.
Euphylls Lycophylls
In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is Blank______.
Photosynthetic and free-living
Answer Mode Multiple Select QuestionYour Answer correct Select all features of mosses.
Rhizoids do not absorb as well as a vascular plant root. They use rhizoids to anchor themselves.
Which of the following are similarities that evolved independently in at least some species of both lycophytes and other vascular plants?
The presence of leaves A treelike growth form
all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.
They form antheridia and archegonia. They require free water for fertilization.
Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves.
They lack stomata They lack veins Most of their surface is one cell layer thick
A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is Blank______.
a cuticle on exposed surfaces
In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies Blank______.
a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants
The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required Blank______.
better water loss management
........also known as nontracheophytes, are the closest living descendants of the first land plants.
bryophytes
Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes are characteristic of Blank______.
bryophytes
The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the Blank______
bryophytes
Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing....
cyanobacteria
A common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with ..... for that reason, those plants require free water for......
flagella reproduction
The leaves of ferns are called
fronds
Bryophyte have small, green ......... that are specialized for light capture and photosynthesis.
gametophytes
Over the course of plant evolution from bryophytes to seed plants, the general trend has been toward a significant decrease in the size of the.....stage in the life cycle
haploid or gametophyte
An important difference that distinguishes the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is Blank______
lack vascular tissue
Two types of leaves are found in vascular plants: small leaves supported by a single vein called ...... and true leaves, also known as .....
lychophylls euphylls
Even though ..... diverged from all other vascular plants early in their evolutionary history, they are similar in having leaves and a treelike growth form.
lycophytes
Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward Blank______.
more embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte
In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is Blank______.
photosynthetic and free-living
Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes Blank______.
produce vascular tissue
Liverworts reproduce through Blank______.
sexual and asexual
Clusters of sporangia on ferns are called
sori
Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce Blank______.
vascular tissue
In bryophytes, the sperm are flagellated and have to swim to the archegonia; therefore, the presence of .......is necessary for fertilization
water/rain
The sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?
whisk ferns
Choose the two types of vascular tissue.
xylem phloem
