chapter 29: seedless plants

Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?

- Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants. - Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans.

liverwort features

- Gametophytes have rhizoids. - They may be leafy or lobed. - thaulls with rhizoids - form gametangia in umbrella-shaped structure - gemma cups - reproduce asexually

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

- Higher levels of UV light on land - Less water availability in a terrestrial environment

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

- Less water availability in a terrestrial environment - Higher levels of UV light on land

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

- The ability to photosynthesize - Diploid embryos - Multicellular haploid and diploid generations

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

- The presence of specialized water transporting tissues - The presence of stomata for gas exchange - The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces

Select all true statements about hornworts.

- Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. - Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. - Their sporophytes have stomata.

true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.

- They are photosynthetic (green) and have rhizomes - lost roots and leaves secondarily

Hornwort features:

- external, photosynethetic - 1 Chloroplast - sporophyte is photosynethetic and embedded in gametophyte tissue - sporophyte have stomata that can open and close to regulate gas exchange

all components of fern sporophytes

- fiddleheads - rhizomes - fronds - sori - prothallium

3 clades of vascular tissue

- lycophytes - pterophytes - seed plants

Lycophytes (club mosses)

- the sporophyte generation is dominant. - Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues - Diverged from other vascular plants before roots evolved

Tracheophytes features

- vascular tissue (xylem/phloem) - vascular tissue develops only sporophyte - vascular plants have reduced gametophyte - stems evolved before leafs and roots

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

Diploid embryos Multicellular gametophytes Multicellular sporophytes

Select all types of leaves found in vascular plants.

Euphylls Lycophylls

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is Blank______.

Photosynthetic and free-living

Answer Mode Multiple Select QuestionYour Answer correct Select all features of mosses.

Rhizoids do not absorb as well as a vascular plant root. They use rhizoids to anchor themselves.

Which of the following are similarities that evolved independently in at least some species of both lycophytes and other vascular plants?

The presence of leaves A treelike growth form

all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.

They form antheridia and archegonia. They require free water for fertilization.

Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves.

They lack stomata They lack veins Most of their surface is one cell layer thick

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is Blank______.

a cuticle on exposed surfaces

In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies Blank______.

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required Blank______.

better water loss management

........also known as nontracheophytes, are the closest living descendants of the first land plants.

bryophytes

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes are characteristic of Blank______.

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the Blank______

bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing....

cyanobacteria

A common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with ..... for that reason, those plants require free water for......

flagella reproduction

The leaves of ferns are called

fronds

Bryophyte have small, green ......... that are specialized for light capture and photosynthesis.

gametophytes

Over the course of plant evolution from bryophytes to seed plants, the general trend has been toward a significant decrease in the size of the.....stage in the life cycle

haploid or gametophyte

An important difference that distinguishes the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is Blank______

lack vascular tissue

Two types of leaves are found in vascular plants: small leaves supported by a single vein called ...... and true leaves, also known as .....

lychophylls euphylls

Even though ..... diverged from all other vascular plants early in their evolutionary history, they are similar in having leaves and a treelike growth form.

lycophytes

Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward Blank______.

more embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is Blank______.

photosynthetic and free-living

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes Blank______.

produce vascular tissue

Liverworts reproduce through Blank______.

sexual and asexual

Clusters of sporangia on ferns are called

sori

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce Blank______.

vascular tissue

In bryophytes, the sperm are flagellated and have to swim to the archegonia; therefore, the presence of .......is necessary for fertilization

water/rain

The sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?

whisk ferns

Choose the two types of vascular tissue.

xylem phloem