Chapter 3 - 1 - Solids, Liquids, and Gases

5 states of matter from least to most energy

Bose-Einstein condensate, solid, liquid, gas, plasma

kinetic theory of matter

all particles of matter are in constant motion

kinetic theory of gases

all the constant motions of particles in a gas allows the gas to fill a container of any shape/size. 3 main parts: 1. particles in a gas are in constant, random motion 2. motion of 1 particle is unaffected by motion of other particles unless they collide 3. forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions (because they move too fast)

particles in a gas are never _____

at rest

how are materials classified as solids liquids or gases

based on if their shape and volume is definite or variable

why is the volume of a liquid constant

because forces of attraction keep the particles close together

why does a liquid take the shape of its container

because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations

why do liquids have definite volume but variable shape

because the particles in a liquid move fast enough that forces of attraction keep it together, but particles are still able to slide past each other

solids have ___ shape and volume. Its atoms are _____ to each other

definite, tightly bound

liquids have ___ volume and ___ shape. it takes on the shape of its ___. atoms have ____ and arrangement is ___.

definite, variable, container, some freedom, random-ish

kinetic energy

energy object has due to its motion. ex. the work needed to accelerate a body. the faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

plasma is a ___ that becomes ___, meaning it loses some ___. mostly used to describe states of matter on ___/____. ex on earth: __,__,___,___

gas, ionized, electrons, sun, stars, lightning, fluorescent lights, neon signs, plasma TV

bose einstein condensate is the ___ of plasma, occurs at _____ temperatures, atoms are really close to _____, atoms begin to __ and form ____

opposite, really low, not moving at all, clump, one super atom

kinetic energy stays the ___ in a gas. why?

same; as atoms collide, one may gain kinetic energy, but the other loses some, so it stays constant

in a gas, each atom moves in a ____ until it ___

straight line, collides w/ something

gases have __ shape and ___ volume. takes shape and volume of its ___. has the _____ between atoms

variable, variable, container, most space