Chapter 3 and 4 Test Study Guide

Which of the following terms describes days when the sun's rays directly hit the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn? A.solstice B.equinox C.midnight sun D.revolution

A

In which region might you come across doldrums? A.In either the North or the South Pole B.South of the Tropic of Capricorn C.Near the Equator D.North of the Tropic of Cancer

C

Which is an example of a command economy? A.capitalism B.free market C.democracy D.socialism

C

Which is an example of a monarch? A.the Prime Minister of Great Britain B.the President of the United States C.the King of Saudi Arabia D.the Chancellor of Germany

C

Cultural boundaries A.divide two groups of people with a different way of life. B.are formed by written agreements that separate nations. C.follow natural features such as rivers or mountains. D.are always permanent.

A

Groups of languages that have similar roots are known as A.language families. B.language clusters. C.language groups. D.language types.

A

In which type of government does the power belong to only one person? A.autocracy B.oligarchy C.theocracy D.democracy

A

The United States makes use of which factor of production when trading with China? A.labor B.goods C.services D.capital

A

The belief that one's devotion to one's state or country is more important than any other group is called A.nationalism. B.terrorism. C.internationalism. D.cultureless.

A

The source of power in a theocracy is A.religion. B.economics. C.the people. D.the queen.

A

The spreading of cities into nearby undeveloped areas is known as A.urban sprawl. B.connectivity. C.infrastructure. D.urbanization.

A

What had the most influence on the rise of civilizations from culture hearths? A.the agricultural revolution B.sources of water C.organized government D.irrigation

A

What is a biome? A.A major type of ecological community mainly defined by distinctive natural vegetation and animal groups B.A specific type of climate found in or near low latitudes in areas otherwise referred to as the Tropics C.A region that receives continual rainfall which strips the soil of its nutrients but contributes to thick vegetation D.Plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment

A

What is the first step in the formation of a rain shadow? A.Warm, moist air from oceans is pushed upward. B.Hot, dry air causes dry areas or deserts on the leeward sides of mountains. C.Rising air cools and releases moisture in the form of precipitation. D.Precipitation falls on the windward side of the mountain.

A

What is the main factor that causes Earth's population distribution to be uneven? A.geography B.migration C.negative population growth D.rapid population growth

A

What problem do migrant workers contribute most directly to in large urban areas? A.a surplus labor force B.urban sprawl C.pollution D.loss of industry

A

Where are you most likely to find a city? A.near a water source B.in the desert C.on a large, open plain D.near other cities

A

Which describes zero population growth? A.birthrate is higher than death rate by zero percent B.birthrate is higher than death rate by 60 percent C.death rate is higher than birthrate by 30 percent D.birthrate is lower than death rate by 50 percent

A

Which of the following is an example of how precipitation can affect and be affected by temperature? A.A sudden cloudburst cools off a hot summer day. B.Warm ocean currents bring warmer temperatures. C.Cold ocean currents cool the land that they pass. D.As clouds form and block the sun, the temperature drops.

A

Which of the following statements accurately states the relationship between latitude and vegetation? A.Vegetation decreases as one moves toward higher latitudes. B.Vegetation decreases as one moves toward lower latitudes. C.Vegetation increases as one moves toward higher latitudes. D.Changes in latitude have very little effect on the amount of vegetation.

A

Which of the following statements explains how elevation influences climate? A.The Earth's atmosphere thins as altitude increases, producing a colder climate. B.As elevation increases, temperatures rise. C.Mountains at higher elevations receive direct sunlight. D.Thinner air occurs at lower elevations, lowering temperatures.

A

Which of these jobs is a person most likely to have in a less developed country? A.farmer B.computer technician C.teacher D.government representative

A

Why are fewer people needed in agriculture and manufacturing in more developed countries? A.they grow and produce more with modern technology B.developed countries are wealthier and can import goods C.people practice subsistence farming D.they have smaller populations and less need for goods

A

Why don't all places on Earth receive the same amount of direct sunlight at the same place? A. The Earth's axis is tilted. B. The Earth receives sunlight in an unpredictable pattern. C. The Earth rotates from east to west. D. Weather in places changes over time.

A

An example of an external factor that can affect cultural change is A.the invention of a new way of farming. B.a group of refugees from one country moving to another country. C.the leader of the major religion in an area stepping down. D.a shift from food gathering to food production.

B

For what reason is the population of a city most likely to shrink? A.shift in culture B.loss of industry C.change in climate D.growth of suburbia

B

How have cultural contacts, such as the Internet, affected the world's cultures? A.by encouraging migration B.by promoting cultural change C.by spreading war D.by spreading industry

B

In a command economy, economic activity is controlled by A.the industries. B.the government. C.the people. D.the business owners.

B

Primary economic activities take place A.in factories. B.near natural resources. C.near city centers. D.at places of business.

B

What causes doldrums? A.Wind in a certain region blows in a fairly constant directional pattern. B.Horizontal movement of the trade winds subsides as warm air rises. C.Diagonal movement of prevailing winds increase in a region. D.Water vapor forms in the atmosphere from evaporated surface water.

B

What determines how much sunlight reaches different locations on Earth at different times of the year? A.The amount of sunlight in a seasonal pattern. B. Earth's revolution and its tilted axis. C. Direct sunlight on the Equator. D. Weather patterns typical for an area.

B

What is natural increase in a population?Need a Hint? A.the movement of people from place to place B.the difference between an area's birthrate and its death rate C.the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people D.the number of years it takes a population to double in size

B

What is the growth of population in cities and the resulting changes called? A.industrialization B.urbanization C.revolution D.migration

B

What is the main idea behind a multiple nuclei model? A.Certain areas of a city are more attractive than others. B.A city has more than one center of activity. C.A city develops in sectors. D.A city is structured in rings around a central hub.

B

Which is a challenge faced by metropolitan areas? A.creativity B.overcrowding C.public transit D.infrastructure

B

Which of the following best describes conditions found in a high-latitude climate zone? A.mild, rainy winters; warm, dry summers B.year-round freezing temperatures and limited vegetation C.direct sunlight year-round with long summers, but cool temperatures D.cool summers and winters with abundant rainfall

B

Which of the following might be considered an optimistic affect of rapid population growth? A.food shortage B.increased levels of technology C.increased levels of government D.housing shortage

B

Which of the following regions experience a mostly Mediterranean climate? A.The southeastern United States, inland Brazil, China, and India B.Coastal regions of Greece, Italy, France, and Spain C.The southern coast of Chile, the British Isles, and the Pacific Coast of North America D.Regions with high levels of humidity

B

Which system of government divides powers between the national government and state or provincial governments? A.unitary system B.federal system C.autocratic system D.oligarchic system

B

Which type of boundary frequently follows a straight line on a map and is often created based on a treaty? A.natural B.geometric C.cultural D.geographic

B

Why do parts of the low latitude zone have warm to hot climates? A.The Earth's poles receive continuous, indirect sunlight. B.They receive direct rays from the sun year-round. C.The Earth's atmosphere thins as altitude increases. D.The lower the elevation, the higher the temperatures.

B

Why do social systems develop? A.to uphold moral values B.to help people work together to meet basic needs C.to allow people to communicate with each other D.to provide order within a country

B

During which period did people move to cities in the largest numbers? A.the Information Revolution B.the Agricultural Revolution C.the Industrial Revolution D.the Cultural Revolution

C

How do geographers distinguish between types of dry climates? A.The average daily temperatures in each B.The proximity of each to the Equator C.The amount of rainfall and vegetation in each D.The geographical location of each

C

Population density is the average number of people A.living in countries with smaller land areas. B.living in rural areas. C.living on a square mile or square kilometer of land. D.living in cities.

C

Terrorism in the Israeli-Palestian conflict is based on A.economics. B.government suppression. C.the division of land. D.religious persecution.

C

The theory that a city grows outward from a central point in a series of rings is known as the A.multiple nuclei model. B.sector model. C.concentric zone model. D.structure model.

C

What can be learned from a population pyramid? A.the natural increase of the population of a country B.the doubling time of the population for a country C.a country's stage in the demographic transition model D.the population density of a country

C

What causes a phenomenon known as midnight sun? A.The sun hitting the Tropic of Capricorn once a year. B.The tilt of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the sun C.The sun directly hitting the Equator as the Earth rotates. D.The warming of Earth's surface due to radiation.

C

What determines the direction of prevailing winds? A.Rising air near the Equator B.Calm areas at the edge of the Tropics C.Latitude and the Earth's movement D.Diagonal movement of air

C

What does the word equinox mean? A.The number of days Earth revolves around the sun. B.The condition of the atmosphere in one place. C.The days of the year that daytime and nighttime hours are equal. D.An imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth.

C

What is cultural diffusion? A.cultures that have certain traits in common B.an early center of civilization C.the spread of knowledge between cultures D.a common language

C

What is the force behind a traditional economy? A.the following of customs B.the government C.the free market D.capitalism

C

What keeps humidity levels high in a humid subtropical climate? A.Ocean winds that bring cool summers and wet winters B.The proximity between about 30°N and 60°N and 30°S and 60°S latitude C.Wind patterns and high pressure from nearby oceans D.The varying temperature ranges from winter to summer by 120° F (49°C)

C

When do the North Pole and the South Pole receive nearly continuous, but indirect, sunlight? A.When either the Northern or the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. B.When the mid-latitude zone faces the sun, receiving direct rays. C.When either the Northern or the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun. D.When the low latitude zone faces the sun, receiving indirect rays.

C

Which function is part of the economic base of a city? A.a bridge B.a museum C.a clothing store D.a school

C

Which is an example of how government is influenced by geography? A.a geometric boundary B.a religious boundary C.a natural boundary D.a cultural boundary

C

Which of the following is NOT considered an element of culture? A.language families B.religion C.climate D.social system

C

Which of the following is not a temperate climate region in a midlatitude climate? A.humid subtropical B.marine west coast C.permafrost D.Mediterranean

C

Which of the following statements explains how the greenhouse effect got its name? A.Earth's temperature is becoming warm enough to grow plants outside year-round. B.The ocean's surface acts like a greenhouse, warming Earth like a blanket. C.The atmosphere traps radiation to warm land, water, and air, reflecting heat back out, similar to a greenhouse. D.The sun's heat is trapped in the atmosphere so Earth's core absorbs too much heat.

C

Why might birthrates drop below replacement level in Stage 4 of the demographic transition model? A.there is improved healthcare B.there are fewer opportunities for women C.there are fewer people of childbearing age D.there are more infants and children than adults

C

A democracy in which people elect others to make laws is a A.monarch democracy. B.assembled democracy. C.direct democracy. D.representative democracy.

D

An ethnic group is made up of people who share A.a common social class and level of education. B.a common government philosophy. C.a common trade or occupation. D.a common language, history, or place of origin.

D

How are the causes of ocean currents similar to those of wind patterns? A.Ocean currents are mainly caused by the even distribution of sunlight, just as wind patterns rely on the Sun. B.Ocean currents move in a diagonal pattern, similar to the movement of prevailing winds. C.Both are solely caused by the relationship between the elevation of a place and its temperature. D.Both are caused by Earth's rotation, air pressure changes, and differences in water temperature.

D

What are some cities doing in an attempt to combat urban sprawl? A.providing incentives for large stores to move to the area B.allowing larger buildings to be built inside city centers C.decreasing the number of local businesses D.planning livable and walkable neighborhoods to better use the available land

D

What can be found in marine west coast climates? A.Permanently frozen subsoil known as permafrost. B.Limited vegetation with short grasses, mosses, and lichens. C.Primarily dry regions with an occasional oasis. D.Mixed forests, which have both coniferous and deciduous trees.

D

What factors naturally and predictably affect Earth's cycles of cooling and warming? A.Increased cloud cover B.Fewer forests C.Greenhouse gas emissions D.Factors such as solar flares and volcanic activity

D

What is a potentially negative impact of the greenhouse effect? A.Leaking radiation could cause the Earth to become too warm. B.Parts of Northern Europe may become too cold to support livestock and agriculture. C.Not enough radiation will enter into Earth's atmosphere. D.The ocean's surface could become too cold, threatening marine life.

D

Which economy is based on the concept of free enterprise? A.a mixed economy B.a traditional economy C.a command economy D.a market economy

D

Which is a place where "edge" cities typically develop? A.next to fertile land B.near mountains C.in a rural area D.around a shopping mall

D

Which is an example of a pull factor? A.lack of economic opportunities B.war C.political persecution D.religious freedom

D

Which might cause death rates in a country to fall? A.zero population growth B.migration C.war D.improved healthcare

D

Which modern day country was a culture hearth? A.Russia B.India C.Canada D.Iraq

D

Which of the following describes El Niño? A.The result of a process by which dry areas develop on the leeward sides of mountain ranges B.A stream of seawater that flows in the oceans, caused by global winds at the Equator C.An annual pattern of strong winds and severe flooding in Southeast Asia and Australia D.A reversal of ocean currents and water temperatures in the mid-Pacific region

D

Which of the following describes an example of a tropical wet climate? A.Wet and dry seasons and high year-round temperatures B.Warm summers with heavy rain, and harshly cold winters C.Hot and dry conditions with a small amount of plant and animal life D.Warm, humid air with an average daily temperature of 80°

D

Which of the following is NOT involved in a tertiary economic activity? A.a mechanic B.a computer programmer C.a bookstore owner D.an orange grower

D

Which of the following is considered a major reason for world trade? A.a desire to increase gross domestic product B.a desire for goods from other cultures C.an unequal distribution of wealth D.an unequal distribution of natural resources

D

Which of the following statements accurately defines weather? A. The atmosphere's condition in one place over an extended time period. B. A variety of patterns typical for an area over a long period of time. C. Direct sunlight on the Equator. D. Weather patterns typical for an area.

D

Which of the following statements describes Earth without the greenhouse effect? A. Earth's warmer surface would cause global temperatures to rise. B. The atmosphere would leak heat. C. The planet would become too warm to support life. D. The ocean's surface would be frozen solid.

D

Which statement best describes how Earth's position affects temperature? A. Temperature is measured in degrees on a set scale. B. Earth's axis runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. C. Earth's rotation from west to east creates unpredictable temperatures. D. Temperatures vary depending on which side of the planet is facing the sun.

D