Chapter 3 bio
What is a phospholipid?
A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails
Which statement best describes active transport
A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
Which of the following is not a form of passive transport
All of the above are forms of passive transport
What is ATP?
An energy molecule
Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane
Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
Which of the following statements is correct regarding archaea cells?
Archaea cells are found only in extreme environments.
What information is used by the ribosome to assemble the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
Base sequence of mRNA
In what ways are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria
Both organelles provide energy to the cell
____ are found in only plant cells, but ___ are found in both plant and animal cells
Central vacuole's; ribosomes
What cellular structure is unique to plant cells
Chloroplasts
Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes
Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.
Plants, fungi, and some prokaryotic cells have rigid cell walls that help maintain the shape of the cell. What structure provides its function in animal cells
Cytoskeleton
Which of the following statements is typically false
DNA contains the same nucleotide as RNA
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins
DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding dna and rna
DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches in word, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of
Endocytosis
A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport proteins in the plasma membrane. This is an example of
Facilitated diffusion
The nuclear envelope of animal cells has nuclear pores while the nuclear envelope of plant cells does not
False
Do you want extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by would think back-and-forth ( such as human sperm) is called a
Flagellum
Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occurs ________.
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is part of the Endomembrane system
Golgi apparatus
The plant cell wall
Is a protective structure made from cellulose fibrils
If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell
It has a nucleus
What is the definition of endocyosis
It is the transport of large molecules into the cell
What is the role of the ribosome in the Protein production
It is where proteins are made.
Decide a skeleton has several primary functions. The first and most obvious is it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell. What is another function of the cytoskeleton
It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell
Which organelle functions to breakdown and recycle large molecules
Lysosome
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
Mitochondrion
In active transport
Molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient
Do only plants have vacuoles?
No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.
Where are ribosomes located
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm
What molecules are constituents of animal cell membranes
Phospholipid, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol
How can you tel an animal cell from a plant cell
Plant cells contain a vacuole and have a cell wall; animal cells lack these structures
Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic cells
Plasmids
Which of the following statements is correct
Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier( over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells
What passes through the nuclear pores?
RNA
What is the main role of membrane proteins
Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is the rough ER is covered by
Ribosomes
Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus
Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane
Something small and nonpolar, like nitrogen gas
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole
Storing compounds produced by the cell
If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?
Storing water
Which reaction represents cellular respiration
Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
Which reaction represents cellular respiration
Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
What is the role of the histone proteins of the chromatin
They act as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped
Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. What is this shared characteristic?
They are the only organelles that contain DNA.
What is the main function of the nucleus
To hold all of the DNA
Which of the following statements is true?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane
Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within
What organelle transports proteins for the cell
Vesicles
Were there any eukaryotic cells on earth 1.5 billion years ago
Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.
What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise
Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.
The sodium potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of
active transport
Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy
active transport
Identify the prokaryotic organism.
bacteria
How does CO2 move from your blood cells into your lung cells?
by passive transport
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton
When would the chromatin be the most tightly coiled?
during cell division
Which of the following is not located in the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells
lysosome
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn out organelles
lysosomes
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm
mRNA
Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells
mitochondria
What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?
mitochondria
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored
nucleus
The passive transport of water is specifically called
osmosis
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell
plasma membrane
Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell
plasma membrane
Which of these sub cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
ribosomes
Where are lipids made in the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Water crosses the plasma membrane
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.
Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?
translation
How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane
two
Substances are often packaged into small ___ for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell
vesicles