Chapter 3 bio

What is a phospholipid?

A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails

Which statement best describes active transport

A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport

All of the above are forms of passive transport

What is ATP?

An energy molecule

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane

Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

Which of the following statements is correct regarding archaea cells?

Archaea cells are found only in extreme environments.

What information is used by the ribosome to assemble the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

Base sequence of mRNA

In what ways are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria

Both organelles provide energy to the cell

____ are found in only plant cells, but ___ are found in both plant and animal cells

Central vacuole's; ribosomes

What cellular structure is unique to plant cells

Chloroplasts

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes

Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

Plants, fungi, and some prokaryotic cells have rigid cell walls that help maintain the shape of the cell. What structure provides its function in animal cells

Cytoskeleton

Which of the following statements is typically false

DNA contains the same nucleotide as RNA

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins

DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding dna and rna

DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches in word, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

Endocytosis

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport proteins in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

Facilitated diffusion

The nuclear envelope of animal cells has nuclear pores while the nuclear envelope of plant cells does not

False

Do you want extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by would think back-and-forth ( such as human sperm) is called a

Flagellum

Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occurs ________.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is part of the Endomembrane system

Golgi apparatus

The plant cell wall

Is a protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell

It has a nucleus

What is the definition of endocyosis

It is the transport of large molecules into the cell

What is the role of the ribosome in the Protein production

It is where proteins are made.

Decide a skeleton has several primary functions. The first and most obvious is it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell. What is another function of the cytoskeleton

It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell

Which organelle functions to breakdown and recycle large molecules

Lysosome

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

Mitochondrion

In active transport

Molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

Do only plants have vacuoles?

No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.

Where are ribosomes located

On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

What molecules are constituents of animal cell membranes

Phospholipid, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol

How can you tel an animal cell from a plant cell

Plant cells contain a vacuole and have a cell wall; animal cells lack these structures

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic cells

Plasmids

Which of the following statements is correct

Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier( over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells

What passes through the nuclear pores?

RNA

What is the main role of membrane proteins

Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is the rough ER is covered by

Ribosomes

Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made

Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane

Something small and nonpolar, like nitrogen gas

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole

Storing compounds produced by the cell

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

Storing water

Which reaction represents cellular respiration

Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Which reaction represents cellular respiration

Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

What is the role of the histone proteins of the chromatin

They act as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped

Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. What is this shared characteristic?

They are the only organelles that contain DNA.

What is the main function of the nucleus

To hold all of the DNA

Which of the following statements is true?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane

Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within

What organelle transports proteins for the cell

Vesicles

Were there any eukaryotic cells on earth 1.5 billion years ago

Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.

What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise

Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.

The sodium potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of

active transport

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy

active transport

Identify the prokaryotic organism.

bacteria

How does CO2 move from your blood cells into your lung cells?

by passive transport

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

When would the chromatin be the most tightly coiled?

during cell division

Which of the following is not located in the nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells

lysosome

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn out organelles

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm

mRNA

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells

mitochondria

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

mitochondria

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored

nucleus

The passive transport of water is specifically called

osmosis

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell

plasma membrane

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell

plasma membrane

Which of these sub cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

ribosomes

Where are lipids made in the cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

translation

How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane

two

Substances are often packaged into small ___ for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell

vesicles