Chapter 3 Computers
personal desktop publishing (DTP) software
helps home and small office/ home office users create newsletters, brochures, advertisements, postcards, greeting cards, letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos, and Web pages
--a large amount of application software is designed specifically for
home, personal, and educational use.
types of enterprise computing software are
human resources, accounting, engineering or product development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, distribution, customer service, and information technology.
letters
identify each column in spreadsheet by
numbers
identify each row in spreadsheet by
common editing tasks:
inserting, deleting, cutting, copying, and pasting
web app
is a web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet.
--one of the more powerful features of spreadsheet software
is its capability of recalculating the rest of the worksheet when data in a worksheet changes.
--one of the main reasons people use computers
is to communicate and share information with others.
menu
item on the computer screen that contains a list of commands from which a user can make selections.
cells can contain 3 types of data
label, values, and formula.
--3 popular chart types are
line chart, column charts, and pie chart.
--software suites offer 2 major advantages
low cost (cheaper than buying programs individually) & ease of use (similar features).
Also, National & International companies
offer DL. it eliminates costs of airfare, hotels, and meals for centralized training sessions.
to use application software, you computer must be running system software; more specifically, the
operating system.
application software are available in a variety of forms:
packaged, custom, web application, open source, shareware, freeware, and public domain.
loads
process of a computer coping a program from storage to memory.
malware
programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter a computer's operations.
reference software
provides valuable and thorough information for all individuals.
Web 2.0
refers to websites that provide users with a means to share personal information, allow users to modify web site content, and/or have application software built into the site of visitors to use.
deleting text
remove text
two basic types of fonts are
serif and sans serif
system software
serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer's hardware
e-learning providers
specialize in presenting instructors with the tools for preparation, distribution, and management of DL course.
--another widely used type of application software
spreadsheet software
color library
standard set of colors used by designers and printers to ensure that color will print exactly as specified.
2 categories of software are
system software and application software
file contains
text, images, audio, and video.
tax preparation software
that is used to guide individuals, families, or small businesses through the process of filing federal taxes.
personal paint/image editing software
that provides an easy-to-use interface, usually with more simplified capabilities that allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other images.
during the process of creating, editing, and formatting a doc
the computer holds it in memory.
cell
the intersection of a column and row.
CAD software eliminates
the laborious manual drafting that design processes can require; also 3D CAD.
when a user starts a computer,
the operating system is loaded (copied) from the computer's hard disk into memory; then, it coordinates all the activities of the computer.
--formatting is important because
the overall look of doc significantly can affect its ability to communicate clearly.
cutting
the process of removing a portion of the document and storing it in a temporary storage location
DTP is ideal for
the production of high quality color documents such as textbooks; plus, supports page layouts.
utility program
type of system software that assists users with controlling or maintaining the operation of a computer, its devices, or its software.
--a major advantage of using Word processing software is that
users easily can change what they have written.
data is organized
vertically in columns and horizontally in rows on each worksheet.
alternative to software are
web applications.
cloud storage
where web app hosts store users' data and information on their servers.
--3 popular personal computer operating systems are
windows, Mac OS, and Linus.
sans means
without
To help organize presentation,
you can view thumbnail version of all the slides.
to use application software,
you must instruct the operating system to start the program.
slideshow
Display of a presentation on a large monitor or a projection screen.
open source software
Software provided for use, modification, and redistribution.
points
font size is gauged by a measurement system called
--installed software has 2 disadvantages:
1. it requires disk space on your computer. 2. it can be costly to upgrade as vendors release new versions.
application software has a variety of uses:
1. to make business activities more efficient. 2. to assist with graphics and multimedia projects. 3. to support home, personal, and educational tasks. 4. to facilitate communications.
a single point is about
1/72 of an inch in height.
10 points is about
10/72 of an inch in height or 5/36.
each worksheet has more than
16,000 columns and 1 millions rows
clip art/ image gallery
A collection of clip art and photos included with application software.
presentation software
Application software that allows a user to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group.
video editing software
Application software that allows a user to modify a segment of video, called a clip.
audio editing software
Application software that allows a user to modify audio clips, produce studio-quality soundtracks, and add audio to video clips.
spreadsheet software
Application software that allows a user to organize data in rows and columns and to perform calculations on the data.
project management software
Application software that allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project.
paint or illustration software
Application software that allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images with various onscreen tools.
professional photo editing software
Application software that allows users to edit digital photos by removing red-eye, erasing blemishes, restoring aged photos, adding special effects, enhancing image quality, or creating electronic photo albums.
legal software
Application software that assists in the preparation of legal documents and provides legal information to individuals, families, and small businesses.
business software
Application software that assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing their daily business activities.
home design/ landscaping software
Application software that assists users with the design, remodeling, or improvement of a home, deck, or landscape.
note taking software
Application software that enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook.
travel and mapping software
Application software that enables users to view maps, determine route directions, and locate points of interest.
personal information manager (PIM)
Application software that includes features to help users organize personal information. Found in mobile devices and PDAs.
document management software
Application software that provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user.
educational software
Application software that teaches a particular skill.
desktop publishing software (DTP) for the professional
Application software used by professional designers to create sophisticated documents that can contain text, graphics, and many colors.
entertainment software
Application software, such as interactive games, videos, and other programs designed to support a hobby or provide amusement and enjoyment.
filters
Audio editing software feature designed to enhance audio quality.
line chart
Chart that shows a trend during a period of time, as indicated by a rising or falling line.
database
Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access retrieval, and use of that data.
clip Art
Collection of electronic drawings, photos, and other images.
software suite
Collection of individual programs available together as a unit.
freeware
Copyrighted software provided at no cost to a user by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software.
shareware
Copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period.
distance learning (DL)
Delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other locations. Provide time, distance, and place advantages for students who live far from college campus or work full-time. Also National & International companies offer DL.
field
Each column in a database that contains a specific category of data within a record.
record
Each row in a database that contains data about a given person, product, object, or event.
online Help
Electronic equivalent of a user manual that usually is integrated in a program.
web applications
Experts often use the term 2.0 to describe
formula
Expression used to perform calculations on the data in a worksheet and display the resulting value in a cell.
spelling checker
Feature in some application software that reviews the spelling of individual words, sections of a document, or the entire document.
wordwrap
Feature of word processing software that allows users to type words in a paragraph continually without pressing the ENTER key at the end of each line.
e-filing
Filing state and federal tax returns online.
font style
Font design, such as bold, italic, and underline, that can add emphasis to a font.
sans serif font
Font that does not have the short decorative lines at the upper and lower ends of the characters.
serif font
Font that has short decorative lines at the upper and lower edges of the characters.
public-domain software
Free software that has been donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions.
button
Graphical element that is activated to cause a specific action to occur.
web-based Help
Help located on Web sites that provides updates and comprehensive resources to respond to technical issues about software.
title bar
Horizontal space, located at the top of a window, that contains the window's name.
common pointer shape are
I beam, block arrow, pointing hand.
command
Instruction on a menu that causes a program to perform a specific action.
packaged software
Mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company. Available in retail stores or on Web.
popular business software suites include
Microsoft office, apple iWork, Corel WordPerfect Office, and Google Docs.
font
Name assigned to a specific design of characters.
file
Named collection of stored data, instructions, or information.
value
Number contained in a worksheet cell that can be used in a calculation.
desktop
On-screen work area that has a graphical user interface.
online banking
Online connection to a bank's computer to access account balances, pay bills, and copy monthly transactions to a user's computer.
--popular file format that document management software sues to save converted documents is
PDF (Portable Document Format) developed by Adobe Systems.
Placing the copy of a document on paper or some other medium.
function
Predefined worksheet formula that performs common calculations.
page layout
Process of arranging text and graphics in a document on a page-by-page basis.
image stitching
Process of combining multiple images into a larger image.
scrolling
Process of moving different portions of a document on the computer's screen into view.
pasting
Process of transferring an item from a clipboard to a specific location in a document.
window
Rectangular area of a computer screen that displays data or information.
query
Request for specific data from a database.
worksheet
Rows and columns used to organize data in a spreadsheet.
personal finance software
Simplified accounting program that helps home users or small office/home office users manage finances.
font size
Size of the characters in a particular font.
icon
Small image displayed on a computer screen that represents a program, a document, or some other object.
pointer
Small symbol displayed on a computer screen whose location and shape changes as a user interacts with a mouse or other pointing device.
multimedia authoring software
Software that allows users to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and animation in an interactive application and that often is used for computer-based training and Web-based presentations.
accounting software
Software that helps companies record and report their financial transactions.
custom software
Software that performs functions specific to a business or industry, developed by a user or at a user's request.
web page authoring software
Software used to create Web pages that include graphical images, video, audio, animation, and other special effects with interactive content.
computer aid design (CAD) software
Sophisticated type of application software that assists a professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs.
dialog box
Special window that provides information, presents available options, or requests a response.
charting
Spreadsheet software feature that depicts data in a graphical form.
product activation
Technique that some software manufacturers use to ensure that software is not installed on more computers than legally licensed.
clipboard
Temporary storage location for document content that is used in cutting and pasting or copying and pasting operations.
label
Text entered in a worksheet cell that identifies the worksheet data and helps organize the worksheet.
footer
Text that appears at the bottom of each page of a document.
header
Text that appears at the top of each page of a document.
click
The act of moving the mouse pointer to a button and then pressing and releasing a button on the mouse (usually the left mouse button).
margins
The portion of a page outside the main body of text, including the top, the bottom, and both sides of the paper.
import
To bring graphics into a document.
format
To change a document's appearance.
create
To enter text or numbers, insert images, and perform other tasks with a document using an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or digital pen.
edit
To make changes to the existing content of a document.
save
To transfer a document from a computer's memory to a storage medium (USB drive or hard disk).
computer based training (CBT) or computer-aided instruction (CAI)
Type of education in which students learn by using and completing exercises with instructional software.
file name
Unique combination of letters of the alphabet, numbers, or other characters that identifies a file. Display on tile bar.
web-based training (WBT)
Web-based training; computer-based training (CBT) that uses Internet technology and consists of application software on the Web.
--1 of the more widely used types of application software
Word Processing Software
software
a collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose
with most personal computer database programs, a database consists of
a collection of tables, organized in rows and columns.
operating system
a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices
web application
a web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the internet
function unit
a wide variety of departments, centers, and division in an enterprise collectively
inserting text
add text to doc
what-if analysis tool
allows a user to change certain values in a spreadsheet to reveal the effects of those changes.
word processing software, also called word processor
allows a user to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics. See also word processor.
personal photo editing software
allows users to edit digital photos by removing red-eye, erasing blemishes, restoring aged photos, adding special effects, enhancing image quality, or creating electronic photo albums.Available as package software & web application (app).
photo management software
allows users to view, organize, sort, catalog, print, and share digital photos.
image editing software
application software that provides the capabilities of paint software and includes teh capabilities to enhance and modify existing images and pictures.
database software
application software used to create, access, and manage a database; add, change, and delete data in the database; sort and retrieve data from the database; and create forms and reports using the data in the database.
shareware, free ware, and public domains programs are
available on the Internet for users to download.
recalculating data makes it a valuable tool for
budgeting, forecasting, and decision making
4 categories of application software are:
business, graphics and multimedia, home/personal/education, and communications.
--WBT is popular in
business, industry, and schools for teaching new skills or enhancing existing skills of employees, teachers, or students. (active learning).
example of sans serif font
calibri
example of serif font
cambria
example of formatting
changing font, font size, font style
popular graphic and multimedia software
computer aided design, desktop publishing, paint/image editing, photo editing, video and audio editing, multimedia authoring, and web authoring.
example of malware is
computer virus
to enhance communications, e-learning system may include
conferencing, e-mail, blogs, wikis, newsgroups, chat rooms, and groupware.
like CBT, WBT
consist of self-directed, self-paced instructions about a topic.
application software
consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks.
system software
consists of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
spreadsheet file
contains more then 1,000 individual worksheets.
--popular reference software include
encyclopedias, dictionaries, and health/medical guides.
E-Learning
delivery of education via some electronic method such as the Internet, networks, or optical discs.
Users interact with web app,
directly at the website, referred to as the host, through their web browser.
pie chart
displayed in the shape of a round pie cut into slices to show the relationship of parts to a whole.
column chart, also called bar chart
displays bars of various lengths to show the relationship of data.
WBT is combined with other materials for:
distance learning or e-learning.