Chapter 3: Perception

The theory of unconscious inference includes the a. Oblique Effect b. Principle of Componential Recovery c. Likelihood Principle d. Principle of Speech Segmentation

c. Likelihood Principle

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____ lobe. a. Occipital b. Frontal c. Parietal d. Temporal

c. Parietal

Which term best reflects what we do with an image projected onto our retina? a. We reverse it b. We confirm it c. We interpret it d. We infer it

c. We interpret it

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing. a. Top-Down b. Bottom-Up c. Serial d. Gestalt

b. Bottom-Up

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles rather than nine separate segments? a. Contiguity b. Simplicity c. Figure-Ground d. Common Fate

b. Simplicity

Members of a security team are stationed on rooftops surrounding a large city plaza before a scheduled rally. Suddenly, three team members in different locations radio in to the command center, each stating that they have spotted a suspicious box on the ground with a pipe coming from the top. What enables the security team members to report seeing the same object despite being stationed on different rooftops? a. Principle of Similarity b. Viewpoint Invariance c. Bottom-Up Processing d. Semantic Regularity

b. Viewpoint Invariance

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway. a. Size; Distance b. What; Where c. Where; What d. Distance; Size

b. What; Where

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? a. When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters b. When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception c. When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator) d. When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence

b. When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Viewpoint ________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives. a. Resistance b. Constancy c. Consistency d. Invariance

d. Invariance

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual a. Discriminability b. Conjunction c. Fusion d. Organization

d. Organization

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of a. Common Fate b. Continuity c. Similarity d. Pragnanz

d. Pragnanz

Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference? a. The probability of an outcome is determined solely by our initial belief about the probability of an outcome. b. The probability of an outcome is determined solely by the likelihood of the outcome. c. The probability of an outcome is determined by chance. d. The probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome.

d. The probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome.