chapter 3 quant
48. In a normal distribution, the mean divided by the median equals a. 0.00 b. 100 c. 1 d. a figure that cannot be calculated
C
130. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the median? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
C
10. The most stable measure of central tendency with interval data is the a. mean b. median c. average d. mode
A
59. T score = 43. What is the percentile? a. 24.20 b. 25.80 c. 34.13 d. 43.06
A
109. The graphing technique that is most appropriate for depicting the shape of a single set of data is a a. frequency distribution b. frequency polygon c. histogram d. cumulative frequency polygon
C
1. Which distribution is the most homogeneous given the following: (1) mean = 100 and variance = 25; (2) mean = 120 and variance = 36; (3) mean = 90 and variance = 49. a. (1) b. (2) c. (3) d. can't tell
A
101. What percentage of the cases would you find in a distribution between the median and Q3? a. 25% b. .34% c. .50% d. unable to determine from given information
A
102. Forced categories should not be created because of the potential loss of information. a. true b. false
A
106. With a median of 12 and a mean of 14, we can infer that the distribution is a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
A
108. The z score of -.50 represents what percentile? a. 30.85 b. 19.15 c. 38.30 d. 50.00
A
11. The best reason for using T scores with three skill items on a basketball test is to a. add scores together b. calculate the test's concurrent validity c. evaluate the test's reliability d. find the test's percentile ranks
A
114. The sum of the deviation scores from the mean will always be zero. a. true b. false
A
115. Descriptive statistics provide a. mathematical summaries of data b. inferences about population parameters c. generalizations about distributions d. predictions regarding future trends
A
117. The variables age (in years), sport, and college major would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. continuous; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; nominal; continuous d. continuous; continuous; ordinal
A
12. Three of the following four things have something in common. Which does not belong with the other three? a. mean b. range c. standard deviation d. variance
A
120. The variable weight (in kg) would be considered a. continuous b. interval c. ordinal d. nominal
A
122. Which of the following is the arithmetic average? a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance
A
123. When you sum all of the X values of interest and divide by the number of values that you summed, you have calculated a a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance
A
133. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the standard deviation? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
A
136. If everyone in a classroom scores the same on an exam, the variance is a. 0 b. 1 c. −1 d. unable to determine
A
142. Assume that resting heart rates are normally distributed with a mean of 80 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 8 beats per minute. What is the z score of a heart rate of 65 beats per minute? a. −1.88 b. 1.88 c. −2.00 d. 2.00
A
155. When using the table of normal-curve areas, it is important to remember that a. the reference point is the mean b. the reference point is the median c. the reference point is the mode d. the reference point is the standard deviation
A
159. When using the table of normal-curve areas, it is important to remember that a. percentages are located in the body of the table b. percentages are located at the bottom of the table c. percentages are located at the top of the table d. percentages are at the left and top margins
A
167. Consider the following data: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. What is Σ(X − 1)? a. 22.0 b. 26.0 c. 27.0 d. 28.0
A
29. What is the simplest measure of variability to calculate? a. range b. average deviation c. quartile deviation d. standard deviation
A
35. Which of the following measurement scales is related to naming or classifying? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
A
37. A distribution around a given mean and standard deviation that is mesokurtic with no skewness is said to be a. normal b. rectangular c. positively skewed d. negatively skewed
A
38. How many students out of 100 would be between the z scores of .33 and .94? a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 e. 60
A
45. For a 100-point test, the cutoff for an F is 60 points. With a mean of 74 and standard deviation of 10, how many students out of 100 would receive an F? a. less than 1 b. 8 c. 15 d. more than 20
A
49. After administering a test, your instructor decided to develop norms for it. Year 1: N = 60; ΣX = 560; ΣX2 = 7880; SD = 1; M = 14. Year 2: N = 40; ΣX = 450; ΣX2 = 4905; SD = 3; M = 10. What is the mean of the combined classes? Round to the nearest tenth. a. 10.1 b. 11.1 c. 12.0 d. 13.0
A
52. You are discussing the heterogeneity of your tennis class results with one of your fellow teachers. Which of the following terms will you probably use in the discussion? a. standard deviation b. intervally scaled c. percentile d. grouped frequency distribution
A
54. The mean on a test was 50 and the standard deviation was 20. What percent of people scored between a z score of .80 and a raw score of 68? a. 2.78 b. 18.41 c. 21.19 d. 28.81
A
55. The mean on a test was 200 and the standard deviation was 20 points. What percent of people scored less than 170? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 7 b. 13 c. 43 d. 87
A
57. What area of the normal curve lies between a z score of .48 and a T score of 42? a. 0.00 b. 10.00 c. 18.44 d. 31.56 e. 50.00
A
62. What is the T score for the 43rd percentile? a. 48.20 b. 48.52 c. 49.30 d. 49.82
A
65. What is the mean of a z score distribution? a. 0 b. 1 c. 10 d. 50
A
68. The numbers on the shirts of football referees represent what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
A
70. What score from a distribution having a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 5 corresponds to a z score of -1.5? a. 22.50 b. 25.00 c. 30.00 d. 37.50
A
72. If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 47 and a standard deviation of 11, what range of values would contain 99.74% of the scores? a. 14 to 80 b. 25 to 69 c. 30 to 64 d. 36 to 58
A
8. What percent of the cases would you find in a distribution between the median and P75? a. 25% b. 34% c. 50% d. unable to determine from given information
A
80. The area to the left of 1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution represents 84% of the total area of the curve. a. true b. false
A
84. The mean on a test is 200 and the variance was 400 points. What percentage of people scored less than 170? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 7 b. 13 c. 43 d. 87
A
85. Political party affiliation (Republican, Democrat) is an example of which measurement scale? a. nominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio scale
A
86. Classifying subjects as athletes or nonathletes, male or female, from New York or Hawaii, is an example of which measurement scale? a. nominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio scale
A
88. Which of the following statistics are most commonly reported in sport and exercise science research reports? a. mean: standard deviation b. median: standard deviation c. mean: range d. mode: range
A
90. Which of the following is a characteristic of ordinal scale measures? a. They indicate rank order. b. They can express ratios. c. They have arbitrary zero values. d. They indicate only group membership.
A
97. Which words might be used to describe the shape of a distribution? a. skewness b. ICC c. variance d. range
A
103. The total area to the left of -1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution represents approximately 84% of the total area of the curve. a. true b. false
B
104. How does one describe a distribution that has many more high scores than low scores? a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
B
105. With a mean of 12 and a median of 14, we can infer that the distribution is a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
B
107. The z score of 1.56 is what percentile? a. 44.06 b. 94.06 c. 45.71 d. 92.71
B
110. To compare two sets of data, the most appropriate technique to use is the a. frequency distribution b. frequency polygon c. histogram d. cumulative frequency polygon
B
113. In a fairly large, normal distribution with a mean of 15.0, two-thirds of the cases fall between the score points 12.5 and 17.5. The standard deviation can be estimated to be close to a. 1.0 b. 2.5 c. 4.0 d. 6.25
B
124. Which statistic requires the data to be ranked before its calculation? a. mean b. median c. average d. mode
B
128. Which of the following graphs is the best choice in determining the shape of a distribution? a. bar chart b. histogram c. pie chart d. frequency table
B
129. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the mean? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
B
134. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the variance? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
B
138. If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10, approximately what percentage of students scored below 60? a. 2.5 b. 16.0 c. 50.0 d. 84.0 e. 97.5
B
139. Assume that resting heart rates are normally distributed with a mean of 80 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 8 beats per minute. What is the z score of a heart rate of 95 beats per minute? a. −1.88 b. 1.88 c. −2.00 d. 2.00
B
14. You want to make the norms as easy as possible for students, parents, administrators, and teachers to understand. How would you report your results? a. raw scores only b. raw scores and percentiles c. raw scores, percentiles, and T scores d. raw scores, percentiles, and z scores
B
140. Assume that resting heart rates are normally distributed with a mean of 80 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 8 beats per minute. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a heart rate of 95 beats per minute or greater? a. 0.000 b. 0.030 c. 0.500 d. 0.970
B
141. The statistical term for the shape (or symmetry) of a distribution is __________ and the peakedness of a curve is referred to as _______. a. kurtosis; skewness b. skewness; kurtosis c. kurtosis; normal d. normal; skewness
B
144. Assume that push-up test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 6. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a push-up score of 42 or higher? a. 0.000 b. 0.002 c. 0.003 d. 0.005 e. 0.950
B
146. Assume that push-up test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 6. What is the z score of a push-up score of 20? a. −0.80 b. −0.83 c. 0.00 d. 0.83 e. 0.80
B
152. If a distribution of cholesterol scores has a mean of 150, median of 200, and mode of 200, it is likely that the distribution is a. normally distributed b. negatively skewed c. positively skewed d. uniformly distributed e. mound shaped
B
154. Assume that systolic blood pressure scores are normally distributed with a mean of 118 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 14 mm Hg. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a systolic blood pressure score of 158 mm Hg or higher? a. 0.000 b. 0.002 c. 0.003 d. 0.005 e. 0.950
B
157. When using the table of normal-curve areas, it is important to remember that a. z scores are presented to the nearest tenth b. z scores are presented to the nearest hundredth c. z scores are presented to the nearest thousandth d. z scores are presented to the nearest whole number
B
16. Using the scores 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, find (ΣX2)/2 + (ΣX)2 × 2 a. 202 b. 212 c. 218 d. 224
B
162. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the mode? a. 8.0 b. 42.0 c. 48.5 d. 58.0
B
164. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the standard deviation? a. 8.0 b. 27.7 c. 670.5 d. 766.3
B
17. Kelly's T score was 60. What is her z score? a. 0.5 b. 1.0 c. 2.0 d. 3.0
B
171. The mean, median, and mode all measure the spread of a distribution. a. true b. false
B
172. If a data set includes values that are all close in range with the exception of one value, which is much larger than all the others, the mean is the best measure to describe the distribution. a. true b. false
B
173. A student collects the jersey numbers from athletes on a college sports team. The mean would be an appropriate measure to describe the distribution. a. true b. false
B
174. A sample variance describes the average distance that each sample observation is from their mean. a. true b. false
B
2. The level of measurement that, at best, can rank subjects is a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
B
23. A pupil attains a raw score of 82 on a test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 12. What is the corresponding T score? a. 28 b. 35 c. 38 d. 62
B
24. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. A student's SAT score is 430. What is the student's percentile? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 22 b. 24 c. 26 d. 30
B
3. What is the appropriate procedure for weighting the score on the final examination to count twice as much as the midterm examination score? a. Double the raw scores on the final before converting to a standard score. b. Double the T score for the final and add this to the T score for the midterm. c. Include twice as many items on the final as on the midterm. d. Convert both sets of scores to percentile ranks and double the percentile rank of the final examination before adding the scores.
B
30. What is the mean of a T score? a. 100 b. 50 c. 10 d. 0
B
34. How can a standard z score be changed to a T score? a. multiply by 1 and add 100 b. multiply by 10 and add 50 c. multiply by 16.67 and add 50 d. multiply by 14.29 and add 50
B
39. Put score limits on 95 percent of the scores when the 84th percentile is a score of 60 and the 16th percentile is a score of 50. a. 50 to 60 b. 45 to 65 c. 40 to 70 d. 35 to 75
B
47. What score represents P16 if the mean of the distribution is 300 and the standard deviation is 10? a. 295 b. 290 c. 275 d. 265
B
61. Which of the following measure represents the highest degree of relative performance? a. percentile of 90 b. T score of 72 c. raw score of 60 with mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 d. z score of 1.5
B
66. What T score value is associated with a score of 15 from a distribution having a mean and standard deviation of 25 and 10, respectively? a. 35 b. 40 c. 45 d. 60
B
74. Lining students up according to height without actually measuring height represents what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
B
76. The larger the standard deviation, the more homogeneous the distribution. a. true b. false
B
77. The first quartile corresponds to the 75th percentile value. a. true b. false
B
79. Measurement on the nominal scale is accurately described as quantitative measurement. a. true b. false
B
81. Which of the following represents the nominal scale of measurement? a. achievement on the SAT test b. student enrollment (ID) number c. percentage of body fat from skinfold calipers d. age of the students
B
83. Karen's T score was 65. What is her z score? a. 0.5 b. 1.5 c. 2.0 d. need more information
B
89. Which of the following is a characteristic of ratio scale measures? a. They indicate rank-only order. b. They have absolute zero values. c. They have arbitrary zero values. d. They indicate only group membership
B
9. The standard deviation is an indication of a. the average number of test scores that vary from the mean b. the variability of a set of test scores around the mean c. the difference in test scores between groups of subjects d. the amount the test scores differ from each other
B
92. Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for ordinal scale measurements? a. mode b. median c. mean d. either the mode or the mean
B
111. A distribution that has a large number of scores that cluster close to the mean with relatively few scores falling in either tail is said to be a. platykurtic b. mesokurtic c. leptokurtic d. heterogeneous
C
116. The variables height (in inches), gender, and race would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; nominal; nominal d. continuous; nominal; ordinal
C
119. The variable BMI group (low, normal, high, very high) would be considered a. continuous b. interval c. ordinal d. nominal e. ratio
C
121. The variables time (in seconds), temperature (in degrees F), and triathlon event (swim, bike, run) would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; continuous; nominal d. continuous; nominal; ordinal
C
126. If a distribution of test scores has an unusually high score in comparison to the other scores, what shape does it have? a. normal b. skewed left c. skewed right d. uniform
C
132. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the range? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
C
135. Total score variance minus error score variance leaves you with a. absolute score variance b. no variance c. true score variance d. observed variance
C
145. Assume that push-up test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 6. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a push-up score of 25 or lower? a. 0.000 b. 0.050 c. 0.500 d. 0.750 e. 0.950
C
149. Class A had a mean test score of 85 with a standard deviation of 15 while class B had a mean test score of 80 with a standard deviation of 10. What can be implied? a. Class A performed worse than class B but were more homogenous. b. Class A performed better than class B but were more homogenous. c. Class A performed better than class B but were less homogenous. d. Class A performed worse than class B but were less homogenous.
C
15. Consider the following scores: 2, 3, 3, 4. What is the standard deviation? Round to the nearest tenth. a. .5 b. .6 c. .7 d. .8
C
150. If a distribution of cholesterol scores has a mean of 260, median of 200, and mode of 200, it is likely that the distribution is a. normally distributed b. negatively skewed c. positively skewed d. uniformly distributed e. mound shaped
C
151. If a distribution of cholesterol scores has a mean of 200, median of 170, and mode of 160, it is likely that the distribution is a. normally distributed b. negatively skewed c. positively skewed d. uniformly distributed
C
156. Consider the following: mean = 36, standard deviation = 6, and N = 64. What is the raw score for a z score of 0.00? a. 6 b. 30 c. 36 d. 42
C
161. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the median? a. 8.0 b. 42.0 c. 48.5 d. 58.0
C
165. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the range? a. 8.0 b. 29.0 c. 81.0 d. 110.0
C
166. Consider the following data: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. What is the sum of X? a. 5.0 b. 26.0 c. 27.0 d. 28.0
C
20. The average number of points scored by NBA teams last year was 100 per game. The standard deviation was 30 points. Ninety-five percent of the games had NBA teams scoring fewer than how many points? Round to the closest whole number. a. 135 b. 140 c. 150 d. 155
C
21. What percent of observations lies between -1.96 and +1.96 standard deviations? a. 45% b. 90% c. 95% d. 99%
C
22. Ranking scores on a test from highest to lowest facilitates finding which of the following measures? a. mean and median b. mean and mode c. median and mode d. mean, median, and mode
C
25. The average athlete is able to begin activity 90 days after having a knee operation. The standard deviation is 20 days. Sixty-eight percent of athletes are able to participate within how many days? Round to the nearest day. a. 77 b. 81 c. 99 d. 110
C
26. Which of the following does not belong with the other two? a. T score = 70 b. z score = 2.0 c. percentile = 95
C
31. What percentage of the normal curve lies between -1.53 and +1.37 standard deviation units from the mean? a. 82.94 b. 83.64 c. 85.17 d. 87.40
C
32. What is the T score associated with the 97.5th percentile? a. 60 b. 65 c. 70 d. 75 e. 80
C
42. John scored at the 45th percentile on the course midterm. Which interpretation of his score is the best? a. 45% of the people tested exceeded his score. b. John got 45% of the items correct. c. John had a better score than 45% of the people tested. d. More than one of these statements is an appropriate interpretation.
C
43. Which of the following is not affected by the value of every score in the set on which it is calculated? a. mean b. standard deviation c. median d. variance
C
46. SAT scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. A student's SAT score was at the 30th percentile. What was her raw score? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 416 b. 426 c. 448 d. 466 e. 486
C
5. Assume that a teacher wants to grade on the curve. The average grade will be a C. She will give 10% of the class an A and 10% an F. What is the T-score cutoff to pass the test (i.e., earn a grade of D or better)? Round to the nearest whole number. (Hint: Find the z score from the table of normal-curve areas.) a. 33 b. 35 c. 37 d. 39
C
51. Why are standard scores so important? a. They are related to the normal curve. b. Grades can be based on them. c. They permit scores to be compared more appropriately. d. They are easier to interpret than percentiles. e. They reduce the variability in a distribution to 1 (for z scores) and 10 (for T scores).
C
58. Given that variance = 100 and P16 = 985, which of the following is probably the mean? a. 965 b. 975 c. 995 d. need more information
C
60. Which of the following represents the nominal scale of measurement? a. body fat b. test score c. student number d. vertical jump
C
63. What is the standard deviation of a distribution having the following statistics: N = 25; ΣX = 125; ΣX2 = 1025? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
C
64. What is the variance of a distribution having the following statistics: N = 25; ΣX = 125; ΣX2 = 1025? a. 13 b. 15 c. 17 d. 19
C
67. To make statements such as 8 units is twice as much as 4 units, what level of measurement is required? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
C
7. On a knowledge test, a score of 10 is at the 40th percentile. What does this indicate? a. 10 students answered 40% of the questions correctly. b. 40 percent of the students received scores of 10. c. 40 percent of the test scores were at or below 10. d. 10 percent of the test scores were 40 or less.
C
73. If IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of the population has IQs between 85 and 130? a. 34.13 b. 68.26 c. 81.85 d. 95.44
C
78. A distribution of scores is best obtained with what PASW command? a. report b. means c. frequencies d. descriptives
C
91. Which measure of variability is normally reported with the mean? a. range b. variance c. standard deviation d. correlation
C
95. Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for continuous scale measurements? a. mode b. median c. mean d. either the mode or the mean
C
98. Why is the range not often used for statistical analysis? a. It is too large. b. It is the easiest measure to calculate. c. It is not very reliable. d. It takes too long to figure out.
C
99. What is another name for the z score table? a. percentile table b. T-score table c. normal curve table d. symmetrical table
C
100. Which of the following is not a PASW command that you can use to summarize your data? a. descriptives b. frequencies c. histograms d. cluster
D
112. The best estimate of the median of the measurements 5, 10, 7, 11, 8, 18, 13, and 12 is a. 11 b. 11.5 c. 10 d. 10.5
D
125. Which statistic can be used with either continuous, nominal, or ordinal data? a. mean b. median c. average d. mode
D
127. Which of the following allows for fractional comparison? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
D
13. Which of the following scales contain an absolute zero point? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
D
131. Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the mode? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
D
137. If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10, what score does it take to be 2 standard deviations above the mean? a. 50 b. 60 c. 80 d. 90
D
143. Assume that push-up test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 6. What is the z score of a push-up score of 42? a. −2.83 b. 1.00 c. 2.00 d. 2.83
D
158. When using the table of normal-curve areas, it is important to remember that a. z scores are located in the body of the table b. z scores are located at the bottom of the table c. T scores are located at the top of the table d. z scores are at the left and top margins
D
160. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the mean? a. 8.0 b. 42.0 c. 48.5 d. 58.0
D
163. Consider the following data: 42, 110, 42, 29, 37, 55, 62, 87. What is the variance? a. 8.0 b. 27.7 c. 670.5 d. 766.3
D
168. Consider the following data: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. What is ΣX2? a. 5.0 b. 26.0 c. 27.0 d. 179.0 e. 729.0
D
170. Consider the following data: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. What is Σ(X − 1)2? a. 22.0 b. 26.0 c. 27.0 d. 130.0 e. 484.0
D
18. Which of the following tests will carry the greatest weight if you simply add the total number of correct items to obtain a total score for the course grade? a. items = 200; mean = 140; standard deviation = 10 b. items = 200; mean = 130; standard deviation = 20 c. items = 200; mean = 150; standard deviation = 30 d. items = 200; mean = 120; standard deviation = 40
D
27. The z score at the 70th percentile is a. 1.04 b. 0.94 c. 0.73 d. 0.52 e. 0.28
D
28. Which pair of scores represents the same level of measurement? a. football jersey numbers and height b. eye color and distance c. height and eye color d. distance and height
D
33. Which of the following does not represent a nominal scale of measurement? a. gender b. race c. religion d. height
D
36. A distribution that has many more high scores than low scores is a. normal b. rectangular c. positively skewed d. negatively skewed
D
4. What happens to the mean and the standard deviation of a set of scores if each score is increased by 10? a. The mean and the standard deviation change. b. The mean and the standard deviation stay the same. c. The standard deviation changes and the mean stays the same. d. The mean changes and the standard deviation stays the same.
D
40. With a mean of 27.1 and a standard deviation of 3.9, the T scores for the raw scores 26 and 32 are a. 36 and 65 b. 42 and 59 c. 46 and 61 d. 47 and 63 e. 49 and 60
D
41. Consider the following: mean = 196, standard deviation = 14, and N = 17. What is the raw score for a z score of 0.35? a. 207 b. 205 c. 203 d. 201
D
44. For a set of 5,000 scores, the mean is 98, the median is 110, and the mode is 120. Which of the following describes the distribution? a. homogeneous b. heterogeneous c. positively skewed d. negatively skewed
D
50. What is the standard deviation of the combined classes? Year 1: N = 60; ΣX = 560; ΣX2 = 7880; SD = 1; M = 14. Year 2: N = 40; ΣX = 450; ΣX2 = 4905; SD = 3; M = 10. Round to the nearest whole number. a. 2.0 b. 3.0 c. 4.0 d. 5.0
D
53. Consider the following scores: X = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5; and f = 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1. What is P50? a. 7 b. 8 c. 8.5 d. 9 e. 9.5
D
56. Given that the mean is 80 and the standard deviation is 10, which of the following does not belong? a. z score = -1.21 b. T score = 37.9 c. raw score = 67.9 d. P = 38.69
D
6. Reaction-time tests are what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
D
69. Approximately what percentile is associated with a raw score located 1 standard deviation below the mean in a normal distribution? a. 40 b. 35 c. 22 d. 16
D
71. What percentage of the normal curve lies between -2.0 and +2.0 standard deviation units from the mean? a. 47.72 b. 68.26 c. 86.64 d. 95.44
D
75. Given the following statistics, which test would contribute most to a composite score obtained by adding each student's four scores together? a. test A: M = 80; SD = 2 b. test B: M = 70; SD = 4 c. test C: M = 60; SD = 6 d. test D: M = 50; SD = 8
D
87. Oxygen uptake capacity measured in liters per minute is an example of which type of measurement? a. nominal scale measurement b. ordinal scale measurement c. interval scale measurement d. ratio scale measurement
D
93. Which of the following is the highest (most sophisticated) scale of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
D
94. What is summation notation? a. a series of Greek symbols b. an extension of scales of measurement c. the software used within PASW to generate results d. a shorthand method of describing mathematical steps
D
96. When are the mean, median, and mode identical? a. when the sample size is very large b. when all equal zero c. when the distribution is mesokurtic d. when the distribution is symmetrical
D
118. The variables percent body fat (%), oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min), and weight (in pounds) would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; nominal; continuous d. continuous; nominal; ordinal e. continuous; continuous; continuous
E
147. A commonly used standard score is the a. average b. median c. range d. standard deviation e. z score
E
148. A commonly used standard score is the a. average b. median c. range d. standard deviation e. T score
E
153. Assume that vertical jump scores are positively skewed with a mean of 12 inches and a standard deviation of 3 inches. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a vertical jump score of 15 inches or higher? a. 1.000 b. 0.157 c. −1.00 d. −0.157 e. unable to determine
E
169. Consider the following data: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. What is (Σ X)2? a. 5.0 b. 26.0 c. 27.0 d. 179.0 e. 729.0
E
19. Who did best relative to his or her classmates? That is, who had the highest percentile? a. Timmy, whose percentile was 97% on a fitness test b. Jessica, who scored 45 correct on a test with 50 questions c. Shawn, whose z score was 0 on a written health test d. Allison, whose T score was 75 on a soccer test e. unable to determine from data given
E
82. Who did best relative to his or her classmates? That is, who had the highest percentile? a. John, whose percentile was 97% on a fitness test b. Karen, who scored 45 correct on a test with 50 questions c. Mike, whose z score was 3.0 on a written health test d. Allison, whose T score was 75 on a soccer test e. It is impossible to determine from what is given.
E