GS 108 Quiz 2
Which of the following is generated in place, on the spot where we find them
Hydrogenous sediments
Which areas of the ocean is most likely to have the least accumaltion of sediment
Oceanic ridge
Sediment in deep-ocean basins can be up to 5 Kilo ( 3 miles) thick.
Clays can remain suspened in the water column for decades before settling due to their small size
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water
Coarse sand
The white cliffs of dover in england were formed as a result of which marine organism
Coccolithophore
What part of a continental margin blends into the deep-ocean basin
Continental rise
Deep-ocean sedimets are typically composed of
Fine Clays
What feature distinguishes a guyot froma seamount
Flat top
The oozes on the seafloor mostly consist of_____
Microscopic hard parts of single-celled living marine organisms
The youngest seafloor is found
Near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean ridges
Why is the average sediment thickness in the Pacific ocean less than that of the atlantic ocean
Ocean trenches trap sediments
Sediment refers to the inorganic materials that accumulate on the ocean floor
false
The rate of convergence and divergence is approximately the same worldwide
false
The rate of sediment deposition is fairly consistent throughout the ocean
false
Manganese nodules have successfully been commercially mined in the ocean
False
Neritic sediments are mainly composed of biogenous sediments due to the proximity to the continental shelf
False
Spreading centers at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spread at a faster rate than those at the east pacfic rise
False
The average hieght of the continents above sea level is greater that the average depth of the ocean
False
The deepest part of the ocean is in the Pacific's Peru-Chile Trench
False
The gulf of Mexico is located at an active margin
False
The west coast of South America is known for its seasonal upwelling
Biogenous
Which of the following is of organic origin; I.e. made by organisms.
Biogenous sediments
Sediments of the slope, rise, and deep ocean floor that originates in the ocean are called _____
Pelagic sediments
An area that experiences a high rate of erosion, such as a near shore bay, will have which type of sedimens in the surrounding waters.
Poorly-sorted sediments
What is the main source of terrigenous sediments to the oceans
Rivers
What is the primary origin of most mertic sediments
Terrigenous
Which of the following arrive in the ocean from continents via rivers
Terrigenous sediments
Which of the following is the most abundant sediment in neritic deposits
Terrigenous sediments
What is a pacific type of continetal margin
Active margin
Clays are the coarest and most easily transported of the terrigenous sediments
False
The submerged outer edge of a continent is called___
A continental shelf
Passive margins are also referred to as
Atlantic-type margins
Which of the following would be considered oozes
Biogenous sediments
Which statement is true of sediments in the ocean
Biogenous sediments comprise a larger area than terrigenous sediments
What is a typical characteristics of passive margins
Broad Continental Shelf
An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sedmeint.
Calcerous ooze
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve
Which particle size is transported the farthest by waves and currents
Clay
The____ comprise the highest percent of ocean area, but contain the lowest percent of sediment volume
Deep-ocean floor
What type of deep ocean sediment is most common in the deep-ocean basins surroundign the Antartic
Diatom ooze
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench
Downward distortion
What instrument used during the early part of the 20th century improved the accuracy
Echo Sounder
Active margins typically are located in the Atlantic Ocean
False
An example of terrigenous sedimets is the manganese nodule
False
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in the ocean due to high productivity
False
Calcerous oozes are common at deep-ocean depths below 4,500 m
False
What do satellites measure that provides data for seafloor topographical mapping
Sea-surface height
What gelogical feature is often found at active margins
Subduction zone
What is a characteristics of Earth's oceans
The average ocean depth is greater than the average elevation of continets
Carbonate sediments are rare in deep sea sediments because___
The carbonate shells are dissolved in deep water
Why are transform faults found near a diverging boundary
The form because the axis of seafloor spreading across the surface of the earth cannot follow a straight line smoothly.
An example of siliceous ooze are those formed from radiolarian shells
True
Lithification is a pressure induced process
True
Nertic sedimnets are mostly eroded form land
True
Oceanic crust is thinner than contintental crust
True
Sctienests use ocean sediments to obtain information about ocean processes thoughout history of the ocean
True
Sediment on the continental slopes has an average thickness that is greater than sediment on the continetal shleves
True
Sediments of white or cream color tend to be of biological origin
True
The sinking of the RMS Titanic fueled research that would change the science of bathymetry
True
Which deposits are the result of gravity propelled currents that produce graded layers of sediments deposits
Turbidites
What is the most aboundant marine sediment
biogenous
Most marine sediments are composed of what size of particles
sand, silt, clay
What type of marine sediment is derived from igenous rock
terrigenous