GS 108 Quiz 2

Which of the following is generated in place, on the spot where we find them

Hydrogenous sediments

Which areas of the ocean is most likely to have the least accumaltion of sediment

Oceanic ridge

Sediment in deep-ocean basins can be up to 5 Kilo ( 3 miles) thick.

Clays can remain suspened in the water column for decades before settling due to their small size

Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water

Coarse sand

The white cliffs of dover in england were formed as a result of which marine organism

Coccolithophore

What part of a continental margin blends into the deep-ocean basin

Continental rise

Deep-ocean sedimets are typically composed of

Fine Clays

What feature distinguishes a guyot froma seamount

Flat top

The oozes on the seafloor mostly consist of_____

Microscopic hard parts of single-celled living marine organisms

The youngest seafloor is found

Near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean ridges

Why is the average sediment thickness in the Pacific ocean less than that of the atlantic ocean

Ocean trenches trap sediments

Sediment refers to the inorganic materials that accumulate on the ocean floor

false

The rate of convergence and divergence is approximately the same worldwide

false

The rate of sediment deposition is fairly consistent throughout the ocean

false

Manganese nodules have successfully been commercially mined in the ocean

False

Neritic sediments are mainly composed of biogenous sediments due to the proximity to the continental shelf

False

Spreading centers at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spread at a faster rate than those at the east pacfic rise

False

The average hieght of the continents above sea level is greater that the average depth of the ocean

False

The deepest part of the ocean is in the Pacific's Peru-Chile Trench

False

The gulf of Mexico is located at an active margin

False

The west coast of South America is known for its seasonal upwelling

Biogenous

Which of the following is of organic origin; I.e. made by organisms.

Biogenous sediments

Sediments of the slope, rise, and deep ocean floor that originates in the ocean are called _____

Pelagic sediments

An area that experiences a high rate of erosion, such as a near shore bay, will have which type of sedimens in the surrounding waters.

Poorly-sorted sediments

What is the main source of terrigenous sediments to the oceans

Rivers

What is the primary origin of most mertic sediments

Terrigenous

Which of the following arrive in the ocean from continents via rivers

Terrigenous sediments

Which of the following is the most abundant sediment in neritic deposits

Terrigenous sediments

What is a pacific type of continetal margin

Active margin

Clays are the coarest and most easily transported of the terrigenous sediments

False

The submerged outer edge of a continent is called___

A continental shelf

Passive margins are also referred to as

Atlantic-type margins

Which of the following would be considered oozes

Biogenous sediments

Which statement is true of sediments in the ocean

Biogenous sediments comprise a larger area than terrigenous sediments

What is a typical characteristics of passive margins

Broad Continental Shelf

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sedmeint.

Calcerous ooze

What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth

Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve

Which particle size is transported the farthest by waves and currents

Clay

The____ comprise the highest percent of ocean area, but contain the lowest percent of sediment volume

Deep-ocean floor

What type of deep ocean sediment is most common in the deep-ocean basins surroundign the Antartic

Diatom ooze

How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench

Downward distortion

What instrument used during the early part of the 20th century improved the accuracy

Echo Sounder

Active margins typically are located in the Atlantic Ocean

False

An example of terrigenous sedimets is the manganese nodule

False

Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in the ocean due to high productivity

False

Calcerous oozes are common at deep-ocean depths below 4,500 m

False

What do satellites measure that provides data for seafloor topographical mapping

Sea-surface height

What gelogical feature is often found at active margins

Subduction zone

What is a characteristics of Earth's oceans

The average ocean depth is greater than the average elevation of continets

Carbonate sediments are rare in deep sea sediments because___

The carbonate shells are dissolved in deep water

Why are transform faults found near a diverging boundary

The form because the axis of seafloor spreading across the surface of the earth cannot follow a straight line smoothly.

An example of siliceous ooze are those formed from radiolarian shells

True

Lithification is a pressure induced process

True

Nertic sedimnets are mostly eroded form land

True

Oceanic crust is thinner than contintental crust

True

Sctienests use ocean sediments to obtain information about ocean processes thoughout history of the ocean

True

Sediment on the continental slopes has an average thickness that is greater than sediment on the continetal shleves

True

Sediments of white or cream color tend to be of biological origin

True

The sinking of the RMS Titanic fueled research that would change the science of bathymetry

True

Which deposits are the result of gravity propelled currents that produce graded layers of sediments deposits

Turbidites

What is the most aboundant marine sediment

biogenous

Most marine sediments are composed of what size of particles

sand, silt, clay

What type of marine sediment is derived from igenous rock

terrigenous