Chapter 3 Quiz

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing. a. serial b. top-down c. sequential d. bottom-up

b. top down

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical regularity stated in your text? a. the oblique effect b. the light-from-above assumption c. having one object that is partially covered by another "come out the other side" d. angled orientation

d. angled orientation

Perception is NOT essential for _____. a. acquiring knowledge b. solving problems c. creating memories d. improving empathy

d. improving empathy

The theory of unconscious inference includes the _____. a. oblique effect b. principle of speech segmentation c. principle of componential recovery d. likelihood principle

d. likelihood principle

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of _____. a. good continuation b. good figure c. familiarity d. simplicity

a. good continuation

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway. a. what; where b. size; distance c. where; what d. distance; size

a. what; where

Which of the following word strings all refer to the same pathway? a. what, action, dorsal b. perception, dorsal, what c. dorsal, where, action d, where, ventral, perception

c. dorsal, where, action

The fact that trees are more likely to be vertical or horizontal than slanted is an example of ____. a. semantic regularity b. perceptual regularity c. physical regularity d. orientation regularity

c. physical regularity

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of _____. a. common fate b. similarity c. pragnanz d. continuity

c. pragnanz

Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference? a. the probability of an outcome is determined by chance b. the probability of an outcome is determined solely by the likelihood of the outcome c. the probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome d. the probability of an outcome is determined solely by our initial belief about the probability of an outcome

c. the probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome

What is the process of unconscious inference? a. when our subconscious mind interferes with our conscience b. when our unconscious perceptions align with our conscious perceptions c. when our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment d. when our subconscious interferes with what we perceive from our retinas

c. when our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the _____. a. fusiform face area b. serial location task c. radiated wavelength paradox d. inverse projection problem

d. inverse projection problem

The term semantics, when applied to perception, means the _____. a. statistical probabilities of one particular sound following another in language b. inferences made based on the likelihood of a particular stimulus c. regularly occurring physical properties of an environment d. meaning of a scene, often related to what is happening within the scene

d. meaning of a scene, often related to what is happening within the scene

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the _____. a. law of pragnanz b. low of good continuation c. principle of size constancy d. oblique effect

d. oblique effect

What differentiates bottom-up processing from top-down processing? a. the direction of scanning b. the pathway of action c. the source of information d. the pattern of organization

c. the source of information