Chapter 3 Quiz

What type of cells can be extracted from human embryonic stem cells? A. Multipotent B. Oligopotent C. Pluripotent D. Totipotent

C. Pluripotent

DNA, and the genes found on the strands of DNA, contain information necessary for synthesizing which type of material? A. glucose B. DNA C. proteins D. ATP E. carbohydrates

C. proteins

What does the phospholipid bilayer consist of? A. Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid B. Two adjacent sheets of phospholipids C. No proteins or fatty acids D. Glycerol and phosphate

?? D. Glycerol and phosphate

The process named "transcription" occurs within the cell nucleus. ___________ is produced during this process. A. A mRNA molecule B. A tRNA molecule C. A pRNA D. A ribosome E. A very short amino acid chain

A. A mRNA molecule

In which phase are the paired chromatids separating and being pulled to opposite ends of the cell? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

A. Anaphase

During prophase, as the centrioles are migrating to opposite ends of the cell, their spindle fibers attach to what part of the chromatids? A. Centromeres B. Microtubules C. Telomeres

A. Centromeres

Which stem cells have the most potential to differentiate into any cells needed by an organism? A. Multipotent B. Oligopotent C. Pluripotent D. Totipotent

D. Totipotent

The cell membrane is composed of numerous proteins, some of which allow for passage of material in and out of the cell. Which of the following proteins allow large molecules to pass through passively? A. Channel B. Ligand C. Receptor D. Transmembrane transporter protein

A. Channel

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system? A. Creation of plasma for cells. B. Detoxification of poisons. C. Metabolism and movement of lipids. D. Synthesis of proteins and transports into membranes, organelles, or out of cells.

A. Creation of plasma for cells.

What is the fluid matrix inside the cell is called? A. Cytosol B. Endoplasm C. Nucleoplasm D. Plasma

A. Cytosol

Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? A. G0 B. G1 C. G2 D. S

B. G1

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells? A. endothelial B. hematopoietic C. blood D. mesenchymal E. epithelial

B. hematopoietic

A molecule (or region of a molecule) that is attracted to water is known as a(n) _________ molecule. A. Integral B. Bi-layerd C. Hydrophobic D. Bipolar E. Hydrophilic

E. Hydrophilic

The most direct method by which an ion or molecule can move across a cell membrane is by ____________. A. using an integral protein (NO) B. osmosis C. a sodium-potassium pump (NO) D. active transport E. simple diffusion

E. simple diffusion

In which phase are the chromatids aligning across the center of the cell? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

B. Metaphase

Which of the following is a function of the rough ER? A. Detoxification of certain substances. B. Production of proteins. C. Regulation of intracellular calcium concentration. D. Synthesis of steroid hormones.

B. Production of proteins.

Which of the following is NOT a role of glycocalyces? A. Contain molecules that allow the cell to bind to other cells B. Contain receptors for hormones C. Prevent donated organ rejection D. Contain enzymes to break down nutrients

C. Prevent donated organ rejection

The strand of DNA that is continuously synthesized into the replicating fork is: A. Double helix B. DNA replication C. Lagging strand D. Leading strand

D. Leading strand

Why is DNA replication said to be "semiconservative"? A. After replication is complete, a proofreading process begins so that mistakes can be corrected. B. After replication is complete, one of the two parent DNA strands makes up half of each new DNA molecule. C. DNA replication takes place at the same time as cell division saving time and effort. D. Replication takes place like unzipping a zipper and requires little effort.

B. After replication is complete, one of the two parent DNA strands makes up half of each new DNA molecule.

Which nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA pairs with guanine? A. Adenine B. Cytosine C. Guanine D. Thymine

B. Cytosine

The jelly-like substance found within cells that provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions is called ________. A. Water B. Cytosol C. Synovial fluid D. Petroleum E. Alcohol

B. Cytosol

The stage of the cell cycle during which two new and fully functional nuclei are formed is called ________. A. G2 B. M C. G3 D. G1 E. S

B. M

A ______ cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells. A. Diploid cell B. Stem cell C. Somatic cell D. Sex cell E. Haploid cell

B. Stem cell

What is the name of the process during which a chain of amino acids called a polypeptide is synthesized? A. Splicing B. Translation C. Trans-section D. Synthesizing E. Transcription

B. Translation

Transcription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively. A. nucleolus; cytoplasm B. nucleus; cytoplasm C. ribosome; cytoplasm D. nucleolus; nucleus E. cytoplasm; nucleus

B. nucleus; cytoplasm

Since muscle cells make and utilize an abundance of ATP (energy) for muscle activity, which of these does each muscle cell most likely have more of? A. Lipids B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes

C. Mitochondria

How many bases found on a gene translate for any one amino acid? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four E. Five

C. Three

DNA, and the genes found on the strands of DNA, contain information necessary for synthesizing which type of material? A. glucose B. DNA C. proteins D. ATP E. carbohydrates

C. proteins

Human sex cells (sperm or egg) contain _____ chromosomes. All other cells contain _____ chromosomes. A. 30; 60 B. 22; 44 C. 24; 48 D. 25; 50 E. 23; 46

E. 23; 46

Because of their unique molecular structures, only the following bases found in DNA can bind together: A. A to T B. T to A C. C to G D. G to C E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane) contains which of the following molecules? A. proteins B. cholesterol C. phospholipids D. glycoproteins E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following are organelles found inside of an animal cell? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosome E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from: A. DNA to mRNA B. DNA to RNA C. mRNA to tRNA D. tRNA to mRNA

A. DNA to mRNA

All of the genetic material inside a cell is located in the ________. A. Nucleus B. Centrioles C. Mitochondria D. Golgi apparatus E. Ribosomes

A. Nucleus

What scientist is given credit for coming up with the concept of the cell? A. Robert Hooke B. Albert Einstein C. Galileo D. Michelangelo E. Michael Curie

A. Robert Hooke

Which of these methods that aids in the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane requires the use of energy which is supplied by ATP molecules? A. Osmosis B. Passive transport C. Active transport D. Facilitated diffusion E. Reverse diffusion

C. Active transport

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? A. TAGGCGCG B. ATCCGCGC C. CGAATATA D. TGCCTCTC E. None of the above

C. CGAATATA

The process when the cytoplasm actually divides into two separate cells is named _________. A. Prophase B. Mitosis C. Cytokinesis D. Meiosis E. Interphase

C. Cytokinesis

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil B. DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose C. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars D. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded

C. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

A DNA molecule has which of the following 3-dimensional structures? A. A linear chain of proteins B. A circular array of nucleotides C. A double-stranded array of proteins D. A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases" E. None of the above

D. A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases"

The macrostructure of DNA is which of the following? A. DNA helix > Nucleosome > Histones > Chromosome > Chromatin B. Histones > DNA Helix > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome C. DNA helix > Nucleosome > Histones > Chromatin > Chromosome D. DNA helix > Histones > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome

D. DNA helix > Histones > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome

Which enzyme is required for transcription? A. DNA polymerase B. Restriction enzymes C. RNAase D. RNA polymerase

D. RNA polymerase

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus? A. Chromatin B. Histones C. Nucleosomes D. Ribosomes

D. Ribosomes

Passive transport resembles which of these processes the most? A. Active transport B. Electrical gradient C. Facilitated diffusion D. Simple diffusion

D. Simple diffusion

Since the liver cells detoxify drugs, they most likely have an abundance of _________. A. Lysosomes B. Nuclei C. Ribosomes D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes? A. Allow the cell to skip certain phases of the cell cycle B. Help oncogenes produce oncoproteins C. Stop all cells from dividing D. Stop certain cells from dividing

D. Stop certain cells from dividing

During which set of events are amino acids assembled into protein? A. RNA processing B. Termination C. Transcription D. Translation

D. Translation

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? A. They have completely different functions. B. DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil C. DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose D. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded E. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

E. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

A ____________ is a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is called the "energy transformer" of the cell. A. Nucleus B. Nucleolus C. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosome E. Mitochondrion

E. Mitochondrion

The cells that make up nearly all of the body contain an equal number of chromosomes that they receive from each parent. These are called ________ cells. A. Mitotic cells B. Bipolar cells C. Duplex cells D. Sex cells E. Somatic cells

E. Somatic cells

The largest and most prominent of a cell's organelles is its __________. A. mitochondrion B. ribosome C. nucleolus D. Golgi apparatus E. nucleus

E. nucleus