Chapter 3 (Test 1)

The statistical significance of findings is largely irrelevant in the decision to publish a paper.

False

Findings that do not make sense within the currently accepted framework are

looked on with suspicion.

You detect some research fraud in your laboratory. You decide to blow the whistle and turn the offender in. According to the text, you will probably be

D. vilified and your own credibility called into question.

You should adopt a(n) ________ point of view when reading research literature.

A. Consumer's

General Internet search engines (e.g., Yahoo!, Alta Vista, Google) can provide a treasure trove of information on a given topic. However, you should be careful when using such sources because

A. anyone can publish anything on the Internet, and there is no guarantee that the information you obtain will meet scientific standards.

The most up-to-the-minute information about research can be obtained

A. at a professional convention or meeting

Your primary concern when reading a discussion section is whether the

A. author's conclusions follow from the data reported.

According to the text, the best way to deal with research fraud is to

A. make maximum use of the review process.

If the policy of a journal is to not send articles out for review prior to publication, that journal is

A. nonrefereed

Peters and Ceci (1982) found that, when previously published articles were retyped as manuscripts and resubmitted to the journal that originally published them,

A. only 3 of 12 papers were identified as resubmissions and rejected for that reason.

According to the text, the most serious form of fraud in research is

A. the outright fabrication of data.

In most cases, reviewers are

A. unaware of who conducted the research being reviewed.

A critical question you should ask yourself when evaluating a method section is

B. Does the method used allow for an unambiguous test of the stated hypotheses?

Making a photocopy of a published article is

B. legal but unethical

A ________ source summarizes information from sources of original research reports.

B. secondary

Although books can be good sources for a literature review, the material in them should be considered with caution because

B. the review process that books undergo may not be as rigorous as the process that articles in scientific journals undergo.

A disadvantage of using PsycARTICLES exclusively when doing a literature search is that

D. both B and C (you can only obtain journal articles that were published since 1988 and you can only obtain articles from journals published by the American Psychological Association

A disadvantage of publishing multiple experiments in a single paper is that

D. none of the above

According to the text, you can narrow your PsycINFO search by

D. using the Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms.

The index that is similar to the Psychological Abstracts is the

C. Permuterm Subject Index.

When reading the introduction to a paper, you should pay special attention to

C. Whether the literature was reviewed adequately

When evaluating a results section, you should determine whether the

C. appropriate statistics were applied

You are looking at a periodical that has a slick, attractive appearance with many photographs. Sources are rarely, if ever, cited, and the relatively short articles are written in simple language. You are looking at a ________ periodical.

C. popular

The "file drawer phenomenon" relates to the problem of

C. published research appearing more reliable than it actually is.

According to the text, the basic strategy for conducting library research involves

D. All of the above

According to the text, values in science can affect

D. All of the above

In the method section of a paper, you will find a description of the

D. All of the above

Which of the following would you find to be part of the full PsycINFO citation?

D. All of the above

An advantage of a poster session over a paper session is that the poster session

D. Both A and B (allows the author to present more details of a study & allows you to talk directly to talk directly to the researcher about the research

According to the text, using PsycINFO to perform a literature search has which of the following advantages?

D. Both A and B only (PsycINFO indexes over 1,800 scientific journals and book chapters and Using PsycINFO makes previously tedious, time-consuming work easier and faster.

The most up-to-date published information about research in a given area can be found in a(n)

D. Scientific Journal

If you wanted to look up research on a particular topic in the Psychological Abstracts, you would use the

D. Subject index

According to the text, reviewing the literature is important because

D. all of the above

When determining whether to accept or reject a paper for publication, editors and reviewers

D. all of the above

According to the text, hypothesis development is important because

D. both A and B

Critically reading and analyzing research literature involves a(n)

D. both A and B

When reading a discussion section, you should determine whether the

D. both A and B

A list of the equipment used in an experiment is usually found in the introduction to a research report.

False

A secondary source is as good as a primary source for obtaining information about research

False

Despite all its problems, peer review is a highly reliable process.

False

Generally, research that has received funding from a granting agency is better than research that has not.

False

If you are not sure about which keyword to look up in the Psychological Abstracts, you should use the Social Science Citations Index.

False

An editor of a journal can significantly affect the character of a research field by publishing a new editorial policy.

True

Primary sources provide the best source of full reports of research.

True

PsycARTICLES allows you to obtain full copies of articles published in the journals of the American Psychological Association since 1988.

True

Research fraud can arise from scientific elitism.

True

The "file drawer phenomenon" refers to the fact that many studies that fail to obtain significant results are never published, making published findings less reliable than they seem.

True

The review process that books undergo may not be as rigorous as the review process that journal articles undergo.

True

When an allegation of research fraud is made, it should be based on hard evidence and investigated by an independent fact-finding body.

True