Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization

13) How is the plasma membrane involved in structural support of body tissues? A) It has specialized connections to other cells or extracellular materials. B) It primarily consists of fibrous proteins. C) It is inflated by cytoplasm at high pressure. D) Tissues are largely composed of empty plasma membranes left by dead cells. E) It is hydrophobic, so it repels extracellular fluid and attracts the membranes of other cells.

A) It has specialized connections to other cells or extracellular materials.

32) Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains A) a higher concentration of potassium ions. B) a lower concentration of dissolved proteins. C) almost no glycogen. D) a higher concentration of amino acids. E) almost no lipids.

A) a higher concentration of potassium ions.

26) Proteins of the plasma membrane carry out all of the following functions except A) binding to DNA to turn on genes. B) sending and receiving signals to and from other cells. C) transporting substances across the membrane. D) anchoring the cell to external structures. E) catalyzing chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

A) binding to DNA to turn on genes.

30) Which of the following descriptors regarding cytoplasm is false? A) contains less protein than extracellular fluid B) the material that fills a cell C) syrupy or gel-like consistency D) includes cytoskeleton E) includes cytosol

A) contains less protein than extracellular fluid

29) The watery component of the cytoplasm is called A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) interstitial fluid. E) matrix.

A) cytosol.

53) Centrioles form the basal bodies that anchor microtubules within cilia and A) flagella. B) microfilaments. C) microvilli. D) ribosomes. E) chromosomes.

A) flagella.

9) The extracellular fluid in most tissues is called ________ fluid. A) interstitial B) cytosolic C) cytoplasmic D) outside E) peripheral

A) interstitial

11) If a hole is torn in a cell's plasma membrane, the cell will die because A) it will not be able to maintain differences between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid. B) germs are attracted toward cytoplasm leaking from a cell. C) it will not be able to undergo cell division. D) its chromosomes will not be held in place. E) cells can only make more plasma membrane during cell division.

A) it will not be able to maintain differences between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid.

37) Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except A) lysosomes. B) cilia. C) centrioles. D) ribosomes. E) cytoskeleton

A) lysosomes.

8) Most cells have only one A) nucleus. B) ribosome. C) peroxisome. D) lysosome. E) mitochondrion.

A) nucleus.

59) ________ are responsible for identifying and digesting damaged or denatured proteins. A) Peroxisomes B) Proteasomes C) Lysosomes D) Endosomes E) Nucleosomes

B) Proteasomes

56) ________ may be scattered in the cytoplasm or bound to endoplasmic reticulum. A) Mitochondria B) Ribosomes C) Vesicles D) Proteosomes E) Nuclei

B) Ribosomes

7) ________ cells are all of the cells of the body except the reproductive cells (sperm and oocytes). A) Core B) Somatic C) Corpus D) Main E) Primary

B) Somatic

2) The smallest living unit within the human body is A) a protein. B) a cell. C) a tissue. D) an organ. E) an organ system.

B) a cell.

16) Most of the surface area of a plasma membrane consists of A) a protein bilayer. B) a phospholipid bilayer. C) carbohydrate molecules. D) DNA. E) cells.

B) a phospholipid bilayer.

60) Proteosomes ________ proteins that have been damaged or denatured. A) tag for destruction by a different organelle B) break down C) expel from the cell D) repair E) duplicate

B) break down

31) Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions. A) carbohydrates B) enzymes C) lipids D) messengers E) ions

B) enzymes

50) Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they A) slow the movement of food through the digestive tract. B) increase the absorption of nutrients from digested food. C) sense the presence of food in the digestive tract. D) push food along the digestive tract. E) protect the intestinal lining from irritants or toxins in the food.

B) increase the absorption of nutrients from digested food.

39) Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to A) ribosomes. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) flagella. E) microvilli.

B) microfilaments.

57) Ribosomes are composed of protein and A) glycogen. B) rRNA. C) ATP. D) DNA. E) steroids.

B) rRNA.

41) Microfilaments A) are usually composed of myosin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane. D) interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions. E) are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.

C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.

17) The tails of a phospholipid molecule in a plasma membrane are A) hydrophilic. B) composed of amino acids. C) hydrophobic. D) facing the cytosol. E) interlocked to provide membrane strength.

C) hydrophobic.

27) Receptor molecules on the surface of cells bind specific molecules called, in general, A) recognizers. B) binders. C) ligands. D) bonders. E) reactants.

C) ligands.

10) What is a structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) cell wall B) tissue C) plasma membrane D) skin E) nucleus

C) plasma membrane

19) Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. A) enables ions to pass B) forms enzymes C) reduces membrane fluidity and permeability D) anchors the phospholipids E) provides energy

C) reduces membrane fluidity and permeability

1) What is an advantage of the electron microscope over the compound light microscope? A) It can function in complete darkness. B) It is older, more reliable technology. C) It is less expensive. D) It allows much greater magnification of a specimen. E) It is portable

D) It allows much greater magnification of a specimen.

36) ________ are compartments within the cell whose contents are isolated from the cytosol. A) Cytoskeleton B) Microvilli C) Nonmembranous organelles D) Membranous organelles E) Ribosomes

D) Membranous organelles

5) What would be an example of a cell maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level? A) a cell of the intestine secretes digestive enzymes B) a muscle cell contracts C) a sperm fertilizes an egg D) a cell takes up potassium to maintain the proper cytoplasmic potassium concentration E) a cell divides to become two cells

D) a cell takes up potassium to maintain the proper cytoplasmic potassium concentration

25) Identify the mismatched pair. A) receptor proteins—bind to extracellular ligands B) channel proteins—provide passageway for ions C) recognition glycoproteins and glycolipids—identify the cell as "self" D) carrier proteins—allow a cell to move E) enzymes—speed up chemical reactions

D) carrier proteins—allow a cell to move

52) The ________ is the microtubule organizing center of the cell. A) flagellum B) ribosome C) nucleus D) centrosome E) plasma membrane

D) centrosome

44) Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is incorrect? A) supports organelles B) controls cell shape C) provides cell strength D) connects cells to each other E) moves organelles

D) connects cells to each other

28) Water and small hydrophilic solutes A) may pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. B) cannot pass through a plasma membrane. C) can dissolve holes in the plasma membrane. D) may pass through channels in the plasma membrane. E) do not mix with each other.

D) may pass through channels in the plasma membrane.

35) The endoplasmic reticulum is an example of a(n) ________ organelle. A) filamentous B) extracellular C) interstitial D) membranous E) bound

D) membranous

42) Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) thick filaments D) microtubules E) basal bodies

D) microtubules

54) Cilia and flagella contain nine pairs of ________ surrounding a central pair. A) microvilli B) microfilaments C) microsomes D) microtubules E) intermediate filaments

D) microtubules

4) The only kind of cell in the body that is not produced by the division of preexisting cells is A) a gamete (sperm or egg cell). B) a neuron (nerve cell). C) an osteocyte (bone cell). D) none, because every cell is produced by the division of another cell. E) a liver cell.

D) none, because every cell is produced by the division of another cell.

33) The cytoplasm contains the fluid cytosol, insoluble inclusions, and the A) microvilli. B) nucleolus. C) enzymes. D) organelles. E) cilia.

D) organelles.

55) Motile cilia move fluids across a cell's surface, while a flagellum A) cools a cell. B) is not motile. C) fastens one cell to another. D) propels a cell through fluid. E) detects environmental stimuli.

D) propels a cell through fluid.

58) The "r" in rRNA stands for A) regeneration. B) recurrence. C) rebuilding. D) ribosomal. E) radiation.

D) ribosomal.

12) What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes? A) the nucleus B) the nucleolus C) the cytosol D) the plasma membrane E) the cytoskeleton

D) the plasma membrane

14) Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except A) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid. B) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment. C) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid. D) thermal insulation. E) structural support.

D) thermal insulation.

40) Microfilaments do not A) anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins. B) help determine the consistency of cytoplasm. C) produce cell movement, with myosin. D) consist of the protein called actin. E) distribute chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell.

E) distribute chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell.

51) If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to A) move. B) synthesize proteins. C) produce DNA. D) metabolize sugars. E) divide.

E) divide.

3) The cell theory includes all of these concepts except A) each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level. B) cells are the smallest units that carry out the essential functions of life. C) cells are the building blocks of all organisms. D) all cells come from the division of preexisting cells. E) every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body

E) every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body

34) Masses of insoluble material that are sometimes found in cytosol are known as A) colloids. B) emulsifiers. C) solutes. D) crystals. E) inclusions.

E) inclusions.

43) Which of following properties of microtubules is correct? A) made of myosin B) made of actin C) found only in the terminal web D) another term for microfilaments E) interact with dynein and kinesin

E) interact with dynein and kinesin

24) Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except A) anchoring the cell to other structures. B) binding to extracellular ligands. C) transporting solutes across the membrane. D) catalyzing chemical reactions. E) metabolizing glucose to gain energy

E) metabolizing glucose to gain energy.

18) The plasma membrane does not include A) integral proteins. B) glycolipids. C) phospholipids. D) cholesterol. E) silk mesh.

E) silk mesh.

15) Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? A) bind to ligands B) regulate the passage of ions C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane E) store cellular nutrients

E) store cellular nutrients

6) Cytology is the study of A) biological macromolecules. B) causes and treatment of cancer. C) the origins of life on Earth. D) genes and their function. E) the structure and function of cells.

E) the structure and function of cells.