Chapter 3

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

androgens

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?

digestion functions become more active

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine serotonin; GABA

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

genotype; bb

The myelin sheath is made from ________.

glial cells

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

membrane potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field