Chapter 32 Patho PREPU
The RN is teaching a pt scheduled for a cystoscopy about the procedure. Which statement made by the pt verifies that the teaching has been successful?
"The doctor will insert a lighted tube through my urethra into my bladder in order to inspect the inside of the bladder."
A new pt on hemodialysis is watching his blood being filtered through a dialyzer. He asks the RN how much blood typically passes through the kidney every minute? The RN responds:
1000-1300 mL/min
The RN is caring for a critically ill pt who requires measurement of hourly urine output. When assessing the urine output of the previous shift, the RN recognizes that which volume reflects a minimum, normal urinary output?
60 ml/hr
Urine is an amber, light-yellow fluid that is 5% dissolved solid. What percent of it is water?
95%
A pt asks the RN what may have caused elevation in urinary protein levels (proteinuria) on a urine test. The best response by the RN would be:
Abnormal glomerular filtration
In addition to regulating body fluids and electrolytes, the kidneys' endocrine fx in maintaining bone calcium levels consists of what process?
Activating Vitamin D
The elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure forces fluid & solutes out of the glomerular capillaries into what structure?
Bowman capsule
The RN is reviewing the results of a renal pt's lab results. This pt's urine specific gravity allows the RN to assess the kidneys' ability to:
Concentrate urine
When the urologist wants to directly visualize the bladder, urethra, and ureteral orifices, what test would he use?
Cystoscopy
When caring for the pt with proteinuria, the RN recognizes that dysfunction in which structure of the kidney allows protein to leak into the urine?
Glomerulus
The RN is reviewing the lab work of several medical clients. Which lab result is most suggestive of abnormalities in kidney function?
Increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
Which factor is likely to result in decreased renal blood flow?
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
The RN is caring for a pt who has produced an average of 20 mL/hour yesterday. The nurse recognizes this compares in which way to the normal urine output?
The kidneys should produce about 1.5 L of urine each day.
A pt has just been admitted to the EC after sustaining severe injuries & massive blood loss following a motor vehicle accident. The RN predicts that the client's glomerular filtration rate will:
decrease.
A pt's most recent blood work reveals a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 36 mg/dL (12.85 mmol/L). Which factor may have contributed to this finding?
dehydration
In the EC, a client arrives following a car accident. His pulse is 122; BP 88/60; respiration is 18 bpm. Urine output is 4 mL over the 1st hour on arrival. When in shock, this lower urine output is primarily due to..
innervation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing constriction of the afferent arteriole.
A student studying pharm is learning how angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) work. The student is correct when stating that the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is to:
prevent conversion of angiotensin I to II.
A pt with Addison disease has been admitted to regulate fluid and electrolyte imbalances. The RN can anticipate that the pt's blood work will show...
serum potassium levels have increased
A client with end-stage kidney disease has developed anemia. The nurse will teach this client that the reason anemia has developed is...
the damaged kidney is unable to produce erythropoietin.
Pts with CKD are at risk for demineralization of their bones since they are no longer able to...
transform Vitamin D to its active form