Chapter 34- Basic Concepts of Mental health

crisis intervention goals

1. decrease emotional stress 2. assist the victim to organize and mobilize resources 3. return to pre-crisis status or a higher functional level

retired school teacher, compiled surveys that lead to the development of mental hospitals throughout the US.

Dorothea Dix

Conversion

Emotional conflicts are turned into a physical symptom, which provides the individual with some sort of benefit (secondary gain)

the "Lady of the Lamp."

Florence Nightingale

The nurse who is credited as being the first psychiatric nurse is:

Linda Richards

a nurse educator and clinical specialist in psychiatric-mental health nursing who was appointed to the President's commission in 1978.

Martha Mitchell

18th century English Quaker who advocated humane care and built an asylum to reflect a household was

William Tukes

rationalization

a process of constructing plausible reasons to explain and justify one's behavior. The person denies actual thoughts and justifies actions by giving untrue, but seemingly more acceptable, reasons for the behavior

introjection

a quality or attribute of another is internalized and becomes part of the individual.

The term that best describes the external manifestation of inner feelings or emotions and is often reflected by one's facial expressions is:

affect

Compensation

an individual makes up for a "deficency" in one area by excelling in or emphasizing another area

suppression

an intentional (conscious) exlusion of painful thoughts, experiences, or impulses (some don't consider this a defense mechanism)

projection

attributing to other characteristics that the person does not want to admit possessing. Blaming personal shortcomings on someone else

regression

behavior, thoughts, or feelings used at an earlier stage of development are exhibited

"Self" is a complex concept compromising four distinct parts that influence behavior. The part that includes feeling about the way one's body functions is:

body image

threats to physical integrity are

decreased ability to perform activities of daily living, impending physiologic disability; surgery, diagnosis of a life-threatening disorder, pain, infection, trauma

behaviors common with illness

denial, anxiety, shock, anger, withdrawal

Displacement

emotions are expressed toward someone or something other than the actual source of the emotion, unconsciously, the individual does not feel safe expressing the feelings directly

severe anxiety

experiences a feeling of impending danger perceptual field narrows significantly and becomes distorted communication possibly distorted and difficult to understand feels fatigued changes in vitals potentially evident on assessment

panic

feeling of extreme terror possibly becomes immobilized reality is distorted personality will potentially disintegrate further has potential to cause harm to self and others

moderate anxiety

feels tension perception has decreased remains alert, but only to specific info perhaps prone to arguing, teasing or complaining physical signs and symptoms often appear; headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, low back pain and increased vitals

id

functions on a primitive level and aims primarily at experiencing pleasure and avoiding pain

Part of the personality

id, ego, supergo

Nursing diagnoses for psychiatric- Mental health nursing

impaired adjustment, verbal communication, social interaction, anxiety; disturbed body image and personality identity; ineffective coping, denial, role performance, sexual patterns, sleep patterns; decisional conflict; interrupted family process; fear; grieving; hopelessness; risk for situational low self-esteem and spiritual distress

identification

individual incorporates a characteristic (thought and behavior) of another individual or group. The individual does not give up personal identity

ego

integrate and mediate between the self and the rest of the environment

stressor

is a situation, activity, or event that produces stress

threats to self-esteem and insults to the identity are

loss of significant relationships, loss of spouse, difficulty at work, loss of job, change in jobs, relocation to new home

levels of anxiety

mild, moderate, severe, panic

superego

moralistic censoring force

stress

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

organizing principle of the self; it is the "I."

personal identitiy

Denail

reality is denied: it does not exist

expected behavior of an individual in a social position.

role position

assessment one makes about self worth.

self assessment

dissociation

separation and detachment of emotional significance and affect from an idea or situation

mild anxiety

slight increase in vitals and in awareness of danger able to think and make connections; heightened awareness is ready of action motivation is increased

reaction formation

the conscious behavior is completely opposite to the unconscious process

sublmation

the discharge of sexual or aggressive energy and impulses in socially acceptable way

repression

the unconscious process of barring from conscious though of painful, disagreeable, thoughts, experiences, and or impulses

events that have the ability to precipitate feelings of anxiety are

threats to physical integrity and threats to self-esteem and insults to the identity