Chapter 37 biology quiz

Vein

A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

Hemophilia

A defective protein in the clotting process

Sphygmomanometer

A device that measures blood pressure

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow food

Lymphatic system

A network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system

Plasma proteins

Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen

White blood cells

Attack foreign substances or organisms Leukocytes

Stroke

Blood clots form as a result of atherosclerosis and may break free and get stuck in one of the blood vessels leading to the brain

Blood

Body contains 4-6 liters Is a type of connective tissue containing dissolved substances and specialized cells Regulates internal body temp Fights infection Form clots Collects oxygen from lungs nutrients from digestive system and waste products from tissues

Atrioventricular node

Bundle of muscle fibers that picks up stimulant from the pacemaker and sends it to the ventricles causing them to contract

Human circulatory system

Closed circulatory system Consists of the heart blood and blood vessels

Atherosclerosis

Condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the side walls of arteries

Emphysema

Disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity making breathing very difficult

Red blood cell

Erythrocytes, transport oxygen, get color from hemoglobin, mature red blood cells contain no nuclei shaped like disks with an indent in the center, produced in red bone marrow, 5 million red blood cells per 1mL of blood

Valve

Flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle or in a vein that prevents back flow of blood

Lymph

Fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue

High blood pressure or hypertension

Forces the heart to work harder causing damage to the heart and blood vessels

Platelets

Fragments of cytoplasm that are enclosed in a piece of cell membrane and released into the bloodstream Released by bone marrow Along w plasma allows blood to clot

Keep system healthier

Hairs: trap dust particles Nose: warms, moistens and filters air Mucus: mucus moistens air traps dust particles smoke Cillia: sweep trapped particles mucus away from lungs back to pharynx and then it's swallowed spit out of coughed out

Inhalation and exhalation

Inhale 21% oxygen and .04% co2 Exhale 15% oxygen and 4% co2

Hemoglobin

Iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

Aorta

Large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs

Artery

Large blood vessel that carries blood Away from the heart to the tissues of the body

Diaphragm

Large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down increasing its volume

Atrium

Large muscular upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle

Pharynx

Muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food

Order of structures in breathing

Nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Breathing control

Not purely voluntary, brain controls it through he medulla oblongata

Bronchus

Passageway leading from the trachea to a lung

Pulmonary circulation

Pathway in the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs

Systemic circulation

Pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all the body except the lungs

Pericardium

Protective sac of tissue around the heart

Fibrinogen

Responsible for blood clotting

Pacemaker

Small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that "set the pace" for the heart as a whole; also known as sinoatrial node

Capillary

Smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs co2 and waste products One cell thick Functional unit of the circulatory system

Nicotine

Stimulant drug in tobacco that increases heart rate and blood sugar

Plasma

Straw colored fluid that makes about 55% of the blood; consists of about 90% water and about 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products and plasma proteins

Larynx

Structure in the throat containing the vocal cords

Respiration

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells the blood and air in the lungs

Myocardium

Thick middle muscle layer of the heart;pumps blood through the circulatory system Surrounded by two thin layers of epitheal and connective tissue 72 bpm 70 mL of blood

Ventricle t

Thick walled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart

Alveolus

Tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur 350 million alveoli in a healthy lung

Globulins

Transport substances such as fatty acids hormones and vitamins Some fight viral and bacterial infections

Albumins

Transport substances such as fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins Help regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume

Septum

Wall spectating right side from left side of the heart

Phagocyte

White blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign cells

Trachea

Windpipe; tube through which air moves