Chapter 37 biology quiz
Vein
A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Hemophilia
A defective protein in the clotting process
Sphygmomanometer
A device that measures blood pressure
Epiglottis
A flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow food
Lymphatic system
A network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system
Plasma proteins
Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen
White blood cells
Attack foreign substances or organisms Leukocytes
Stroke
Blood clots form as a result of atherosclerosis and may break free and get stuck in one of the blood vessels leading to the brain
Blood
Body contains 4-6 liters Is a type of connective tissue containing dissolved substances and specialized cells Regulates internal body temp Fights infection Form clots Collects oxygen from lungs nutrients from digestive system and waste products from tissues
Atrioventricular node
Bundle of muscle fibers that picks up stimulant from the pacemaker and sends it to the ventricles causing them to contract
Human circulatory system
Closed circulatory system Consists of the heart blood and blood vessels
Atherosclerosis
Condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the side walls of arteries
Emphysema
Disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity making breathing very difficult
Red blood cell
Erythrocytes, transport oxygen, get color from hemoglobin, mature red blood cells contain no nuclei shaped like disks with an indent in the center, produced in red bone marrow, 5 million red blood cells per 1mL of blood
Valve
Flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle or in a vein that prevents back flow of blood
Lymph
Fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue
High blood pressure or hypertension
Forces the heart to work harder causing damage to the heart and blood vessels
Platelets
Fragments of cytoplasm that are enclosed in a piece of cell membrane and released into the bloodstream Released by bone marrow Along w plasma allows blood to clot
Keep system healthier
Hairs: trap dust particles Nose: warms, moistens and filters air Mucus: mucus moistens air traps dust particles smoke Cillia: sweep trapped particles mucus away from lungs back to pharynx and then it's swallowed spit out of coughed out
Inhalation and exhalation
Inhale 21% oxygen and .04% co2 Exhale 15% oxygen and 4% co2
Hemoglobin
Iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
Aorta
Large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Artery
Large blood vessel that carries blood Away from the heart to the tissues of the body
Diaphragm
Large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down increasing its volume
Atrium
Large muscular upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
Pharynx
Muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
Order of structures in breathing
Nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Breathing control
Not purely voluntary, brain controls it through he medulla oblongata
Bronchus
Passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
Pulmonary circulation
Pathway in the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
Systemic circulation
Pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all the body except the lungs
Pericardium
Protective sac of tissue around the heart
Fibrinogen
Responsible for blood clotting
Pacemaker
Small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that "set the pace" for the heart as a whole; also known as sinoatrial node
Capillary
Smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs co2 and waste products One cell thick Functional unit of the circulatory system
Nicotine
Stimulant drug in tobacco that increases heart rate and blood sugar
Plasma
Straw colored fluid that makes about 55% of the blood; consists of about 90% water and about 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products and plasma proteins
Larynx
Structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
Respiration
The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells the blood and air in the lungs
Myocardium
Thick middle muscle layer of the heart;pumps blood through the circulatory system Surrounded by two thin layers of epitheal and connective tissue 72 bpm 70 mL of blood
Ventricle t
Thick walled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
Alveolus
Tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur 350 million alveoli in a healthy lung
Globulins
Transport substances such as fatty acids hormones and vitamins Some fight viral and bacterial infections
Albumins
Transport substances such as fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins Help regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume
Septum
Wall spectating right side from left side of the heart
Phagocyte
White blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign cells
Trachea
Windpipe; tube through which air moves