Chapter 4-6 test

Heat exchangers can be found in all of the categories except:

Fire tube

Pressure

Force/Area

What are the basic components of an electrical motor?

Frame Bearing Oil Fan Bearing Revolving Magnetic Flux Wave Electrical Power Stator Revolving Magnetic Poles Rotor Seals Load Bearing

How much pressure can a typical cylinder horizontal tank hold?

Horizontal cylyndrical tank - 15-1000+ PSI

Shell and tube heat exchangers can be broken into all of the following except:

Pot belly and kettle reboiler

Fahrenheit to Rankine

F + 460

heat energy is transferred from areas of:

Hot to cold

Farenheit to Celcius

(F - 32) / 1.8

The primary difference between a kettle reboiler and other heat exchangers is:

A vapor disengaging cavity

Compare water-tube and fire-tube boilers.

A water tube boiler means that the tube is filled with water and fire on the outside. A fire tube boiler means the fire is in the tube and the water is on the outside

How many types of materials are used in the manufacturer of storage tanks?

Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Iron Specialty metals plastic

What is the primary difference between a pump and a compressor?

Compressors use gasses and pumps use liquid

The primary methods of heat transfer include:

Conduction, convection, radiant

Kettle reboilers are used to:

Control temperature of column

The primary purpose of a cooling tower is to:

Cool water

Select the primary method a cooling tower uses to transfer heat:

Evaporation

What are the primary differences between a forced-draft and an induced-draft cooling tower?

Fan location determines whether airflow is induced or forced.

Explain how a furnace supports the various processes found in chemical processing industry.

Furnaces are classified as direct fired or indirect fired. Direct-fired furnaces can be identified by the amount of volume the combustion gasses occupy inside the furnace. Fired heaters are used in many processes, including distillation, reactor processes, olefin production, and hydraulic cracking.

List the standard pipe fittings used to connect pipe.

Nipples Elbows 90 degrees Elbows 45 degrees Bushings Couplings Plug Tee Cap Bell reducer Flange Union Strainer

List the basic hand tools used by process technicians.

Pliers Flathead screwdriver Philips screw driver Crescent wrench Channel Locks Needle nose pliers Open end wrench Open and box Pipe wrench

Dalton's Law

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gasses.

List each type of heat exchanger and describe the basic operation of each type.

Simple pipe-coil: Copper tubes that are easily bent to form, are submerged in water or sprayed with water. Shell-and-tube: steam or hot oil flows through the tube side and provides the heat source. Plate-and-frame: is a high heat transfer and high pressure drop devices. They consist of a series of gasketed plates, sandwiched together by two end plates and compression bolts. The channels between the plates are designed to create pressure drop and turbulent flow so heat transfer coefficients can be achieved. Spiral: characterized by a compact concentric design that generates high fluid turbulence in the process medium. Contains spiral flow on both sides and sprial flow crossflow. Air cooled: heat exchangers or fin fans designed to condense or partially condense hot vapors from a distillation systems.

Describe centrifugal movement.

Spinning the liquid in a circular rotation that propels it outward then into a discharge shoot known as volute.

Explain the purpose of bearings and seals.

Bearings are used in rotating equipment, seals prevent leakage.

Celsius to Kelvin

C + 273

The primary purpose(s) of a heat exchanger is to:

-Heat or cool a substance. -transfer heat energy between two fluid streams. -convert hot vapor to liquid or preheat liquid.

Celsius to Farenheit

1.8C + 32

Kettle reboilers have ____connections.

5

Describe alternating current.

Alternating current is defined as current that reverses direction at regular intervals.

Describe how a steam trap operates?

Are used to eliminate condensate from industrial steam system.

Describe how an industrial motor works.

Atypical motor is composed of stator windings, rotor and shaft, bearings and seals, conduit box, frame,fan, lubrication system, and shroud. The chemical process industry uses three phase motors to operate pumps, compressors, fans, lowers and other electrically driven equipment.

Compare the heat transfer in a cooling tower and a heat exchanger.

Heat transfer in a cooling tower removes heat using water. Heat transfer in a heat exchanger conveys heat from one substance to another using pipe, coil, shell-and-tube, air cooled, plate and frame, and spiral.

Cooling towers are classified by:

How they produce airflow and airflow versus downward flow of water.

Describe how a steam turbine works. Sketch a simple drawing if needed.

Is a device "driver" that converts kinetic energy (steam energy of movement) to mechanical energy. Steam turbines have a s specially designed rotor that rotates as steam strikes it. This rotates is used to operate a variety of shaft-driven equipment. The steam used to operate a steam turbine is produced in a boiler. Boilers produce steam that can enter a turbine at temperatures as high as 1000 F, and pressures as high as 3500 psi inlet and 200 psi outlet. High-pressure steam is slowly admitted into a turbine to warm it up and remove the condensate.

Reboilers have two basic designs:

Kettle and thermosyphon

Fluid flow is characterized as:

Laminar, turbulent, parallel, series, counterflow,cross flow.

Explain the importance of lubrication of a pump, compressor, or turbine?

Lubrication system protects the moving parts of equipment by placing a thin film of protection between surfaces that come into contact with each other. Lubrication helps remove heat generated by friction and provides a fluid barrier between the metal parts to reduce friction.

Ideal gas law

P1xV1/T1 = P2xV2/T2 Combination between Boyles and Charles Law

What is the primary purpose of a floating roof?

The primary purpose of a floating roof is to reduce vapor losses and contain stored fluids.

Compare a kettle reboiler with a thermosyphon reboiler. Explain how each works and the primary differences between them.

Thermosyphon reboilers are typically single-pass, shell-and-tube exchangers. Kettle reboiler have a specially designed vapor-disengaging cavity that removes lighter components of the bottom stream.

Boyles law

V1/V2 = P2/P1 or P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 At a constant temperature the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Charles Law

V1/V2 = T1/T2 or V1/T1 = V2/T2 At a constant pressure the volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature

List the four basic furnace designs discussed in this chapter.

a.Cabin : direct fired b. Cylindrical : direct fired c.Box :direct fired d.A-Frame:direct fired e.Fire-tube: indirect fired

List four different types of fired heater burners.

a.Natural B. induced C. forced D. or balanced draft