Chapter 4

Chlamydia is the causative agent of

Trachoma

What is the causative agent of the Plague

Yersinia pestis

All bacterial cells have

a chromosome

Sarcinae refers to

a cuboidal packet of cells.

The presence of this substance makes endospores temperature resistant

calcium dipicolinate

Prevents dessication and inhibits phagocytosis by host cells

capsule

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized

capsule

The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

cell membrane

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is

cell wall

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cells

cell wall

Which of these cellular structures may not be present in all prokaryotes

cell wall

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

cell walls

____ is the terms that refer to the negative or positive chemical attraction of microbes to their environment

chemotaxis

The Rickettsial diseases, Scrub Typhus, is transmitted via

chiggers

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

cilia

Which of the following is most likely non-motile

cocci

When a rod shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a

coccobacillus

Magnetosomes are

composed of magnetic iron oxide particles

What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain

crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin

The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions and cysts would be associated with

cyanobacteria

Some bacteria adhere to the surfaces of teeth via their glycocalyces and entrap other oral bacteria. This layer of polysaccharide and entrapped bacterial cells is called

dental plaque

Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes the disease commonly called

diphteria

The type of cellular morphology is described as pairs of spherical cells

diplococci

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

endospore

Form in response to adverse conditions and germinate whenever external conditions become favorable

endospores

The necessity for elaborate sterilization procedures in hospitals and canneries is due to

endospores

Infantile botulism is associated with the ingestion of

endospores in honey

T/F Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

false

T/F If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, Gram-positive cells would be purple but Gram-negative cells would be colorless.

false

T/F Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

false

T/F Spheroplasts are formed when gram-positive microbes do not form a cell wall during reproduction while growing in an osmotically friendly environment.

false

T/F The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

false

T/F the region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane

false

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

fimbrae

The short appendages on some gram negative bacteria that function in adhering to surfaces are

fimbriae

_____ these structures are also referred to as adhesions because they allow adherence to host cells

fimbriae

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

flagella

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

gram negative bacteria

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

gram positive

An endotoxin is associated with some

gram-negative cell walls

Montezuma's Revenge is associated with the following organism

Escherichia coli

Neisseria gonorrhea is the causative agent of

Gonorrhea

Propionibacterium acnes is the causative agent of

Acne

A microorganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60 degrees C. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is

Archaea

Which of the following organisms may be the causative agent of food poisoning

Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholera, Staphylococcus

Which of the following is most likely NOT a common cause of pneumonia

Bordetella pertussis

Whooping cough is caused by

Bordetella pertussis

What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the causative agent of Relapsing Fever

Borrelia recurrentis

______ is the term that refers to false motility that's due to environmental motion

Brownian movement

The genus _____ requires a cellular host, causes sexually transmitted diseases, and worldwide blindness

Chlamydia

Sporosarcina, Bacillus, and _______ have endospores.

Clostridium

Which is mismatched?

Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria

Which portion of the LPS molecule is most toxic?

Lipid A

Clostridium tetani causes a disease commonly referred to as

Lockjaw

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell wall is

Mycobacterium

This disease is often diagnosed by the observance of "tubercles" on chest x-rays

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The genus with no cell wall is

Mycoplasma

Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes is mismatched

unique hydrocarbon present-cyanobacteria

Brucellosis is transmitted via

unpasteurized milk or direct contact with infected animals

The following terms are associated with endospores except

heat sensitive

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by

hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except

inclusions

The properties of the glycocalyx include which of the following

inhibit desiccation

Swelling or branching of cells in old cultures

involution forms

The bacteria chromosome

is part of the nucleoid

All of the following are correct about a slime layer except

it plays a role in cell motility

Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of

leprosy

Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be

lophotrichous

An enfolding of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane that increases membrane surface area and provides an area of attachment for the DNA during replication

mesosome

What part of the prokaryotic cell assists in separating the DNA during replication?

mesosomes

Endospores are

metabolically inactive, resistant to heat and chemical destruction, resistant to destruction by radiation, living structures

Storage form or inorganic phosphates

metachromatic granules

Which type of Archaea converts CO2 and H2 into methane?

methanogens

Describes the flagella movement within procaryotes

motor boat propeller like

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

nitrogen base sequence of rRNA

Rickettsias

obligate intracellular parasites

Neisseria gonorrhea is the causative agent of

opthalmia neonatorum

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

A bacillus that was covered with many flagella over its entire surface would be

peritrichous

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

peritrichous

Which of the following is a major component of biological plasma membranes

phospholipids

The appendages that facilitate the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are

pili

_____ is an extracellular structure that is involved in exchange of genetic material called conjugation

pili

Haemophilus aegyptius is the causative agent of

pink eye

Extra-chromosomal piece of DNA

plasmid

The DNA in a cell that is not part of the chromosome is a

plasmid

Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques

plasmids

Which is mismatched

plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is

predominance of unique, waxy, lipids

The function of bacterial endospores is

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

The most immediate result of destruction of a cells ribosomes would be

protein synthesis would stop

The Rickettsial diseases, Murine Typhus, is transmitted via

rat fleas

A gram negative cell that has lost its cell wall is a

spheroplast

Spiral bacteria that are flexible and can wiggle their bodies like a snake due to axial filaments are

spirochetes

flexible helix

spirochetes

Bacillus food poisoning is associated with the ingestion of

starchy foods such as rice

Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of

syphillis

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

tetrad

The cell structure associated with increased virulence due to the inhibition of phagocytosis is

the capsule

All of the following are correct about biofilms except

they are harmless aggregations of microbes

Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms

they involve bacteria only

The Rickettsial diseases, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is transmitted via

tick bites

T/F Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

true

T/F All prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus

true

T/F Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate and cause infectious disease. True or False.

true

T/F Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain

true

T/F If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin

true

T/F The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions

true

T/F: Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

true

diplococcus

two cocci in pairs

Is a common cause of stomach ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

In the Gram stain, the mordant is

Iodine

Which type of unusual prokaryote causes many types of fevers such as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Rickettsia

What is the causative agent of Typhoid Fever

Salmonella typhi

Bacterial endospores are not produced by

Staphylococcus

What is the causative agent of Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus

What is the causative agent of strep throat

Streptococcus pyogenes

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of

anthrax

All of the following pertain to endotoxins except they

are found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

Flagella are anchored to the plasma membrane by a series of hooks and rings called

basal body

protective layer formed by microbes in aquatic environments

bio-film

The Rickettsial diseases, Epidemic Typhus, is transmitted via

body lice

The following belong together except

ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

What means do microorganisms use for locomotion?

rotary motility, ameboid movement, flagella, gliding motility

The bacterial cell membrane

secretes enzymes, participates in DNA segregation in cell division, is the site of energy production, regulated transport into and out of the cell

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called

sex pili

The periplasmic space is

site of temporary storage of enzymes that have been released by the cell membrane

Some bacteria possess a polysaccharide surface layer that is less firmly attached to the bacterial cell than a "capsule" and is called a

slime layer