Microbiology Chapter 6 Connect Questions

Match the data for bacterial growth curve with the axis on which it is plotted. A. X B. Y 1.Number of cells 2.Time

A-2 B-1

Which name is given to microbes that grow in environments where the pH is lower than 7? A. Acidophiles B. Alkainophiles C. Thermophiles D. Nuetrophiles E. Mesophiles

A. Acidophiles

What is a microaerophile? A. An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere B. A bacterium that can use oxygen but prefers anaerobic mechanisms of metabolism C. A bacterium that requires carbon dioxide in higher levels than the atmosphere

A. An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere

What is an inorganic nutrient? A. Atom or molecule containing elements besides carbon and hydrogen B. Atom or molecule containing hydrogen and oxygen

A. Atom or molecule containing elements besides carbon and hydrogen

Identify the functions of a living membrane A. Blocking the entrance of larger molecules B. Block diffusion of water C. Permit the entrance of larger molecules D. Block the diffusion of proteins

A. Blocking the entrance of larger molecules D. Block the diffusion of proteins

About 96% of the cell is composed of which elements? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Phosphorus D. Hydrogen E. Nickel F. Sulfur G. Oxygen H. Zinc

A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Phosphorus D. Hydrogen F. Sulfur G. Oxygen

Which term describes organisms that acquire their nutrients from other organisms or their waste products? A. Chemotrophs B. Phototrophs C. Autotrophs

A. Chemotrophs

Which of the following are methods that count cells as they pass through a type of automated scanner? A. Coulter counter B. Direct cell count C. Flow cytometer D. Turbidity measurement device E. Spectrophotometer

A. Coulter counter C. Flow cytometer

Which term describes the length of time of a microbial species needs to divide? A. Generation time B. Growth time C. Binary Fission D. Mitosis time

A. Generation time

To obligate anaerobes oxygen is ____ and ____. A. Not used B. Toxic C. Nutritional D. Inert

A. Not used B. Toxic

Which term is used to exclusively describe waters movement across a selectively permeable membrane? A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Hypotonic D. Active transport

A. Osmosis

Which term is used to describe organisms that use the sun's light to directly power their metabolic pathways? A. Phototrophs B. Saprotrophs C. Chemotrophs

A. Phototrophs

What determines a microbe's nutritional type? A. Source of energy B. Source of carbon C. Oxygen preference D. Source of trace elements

A. Source of energy B. Source of carbon

A flow cytometer can provide which of the following types of data? A. size of the cells in a sample B. Whether the cells in a sample are alive C. Motility of cells in a sample D. Number of cells in a sample E. Species of a cell in a sample

A. size of the cells in a sample B. Whether the cells in a sample are alive D. Number of cells in a sample

An organism that prefers alkaline pH (pH above 7) is called a(n) ____.

Alkainophile

Identify the temperature range of mesophilic microorganisms. A. 45 to 80 degrees Celsius B. 10 to 50 degrees Celsius C. -15 to 20 degrees Celsius D. 80 to 110 degrees Celsius

B. 10 to 50 degrees Celsius

Active transport differs from diffusion in that the energy in the form of ____ is required. A. Glucose B. ATP C. Sunlight D. The proton motive force

B. ATP D. The proton motive force

What word is used to describe organisms which do not use oxygen in their cellular respiration pathways? A. Passive aerobes B. Anaerobic C. Aerobic D. Oxygen neutral

B. Anaerobic

What term is used to describe a graphical representation of a change in population size over time? A. Histogram B. Growth curve C. Lag phase

B. Growth curve

Identify highly reactive, toxic byproducts of oxygen metabolism. A. O3 B. H2O2 C. O2 D. H2O E. OH- F. O2-

B. H2O2 E. OH- F. O2-

Which organism relies upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs? A. Autotroph B. Heterotroph C. Phototroph

B. Heterotroph

If a cell is in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm, how will water move? A. Out of the cell by osmosis B. Into the cell by osmosis C. Neither into nor out of the cell

B. Into the cell by osmosis

Which of the following types of radiation can damage microbes? A, Alpha B. Ionizing C. Neutron D. Ultraviolet

B. Ionizing D. Ultraviolet

Put the following phases in order for a normal bacterial growth curve, beginning with the first at the top. A. Exponential B. Lag C. Death D. Stationary

B. Lag A. Exponential D. Stationary c. Death

Which is false regarding binary fission? A. Division involves the formation of a protein band that resembles actin and tubulin of eukaryotes. B. Like meiosis in eukaryotes, it specially produces daughter cells with genetic variation. C. Daughter cells are identical to each other D. Its a type of asexual reproduction.

B. Like meiosis in eukaryotes, it specially produces daughter cells with genetic variation.

Which of the following conditions would cause a bacterial culture in exponential phase to shift to the stationary phase? A. Taking a turbidity reading B. Loss of a nitrogen source C. Drop in temperature D. Removal of a sample for enumeration

B. Loss of a nitrogen source C. Drop in temperature

Which term describes chemical substances such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are required in large quantities by cells? A. Megamolecule B. Macronutrient C. Macrocompound D. Macromolecule

B. Macronutrient

Growth of a bacterial culture in growth medium in a test tube is defined as a closed culture meaning that ____. A. There is a defined quantity of oxygen available to the cells B. Nutrients are limited and waste products are not removed. C. There is no energy source available to the cells D. The culture contains only a single species and is not contaminated

B. Nutrients are limited and waste products are not removed.

Which term describes a heterotroph that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms? A. Autotroph B. Saprobe C. Lithotroph

B. Saprobe

What determines a microbe's nutritional type? A. Source of trace elements B. Source of carbon C. Source of energy D. Oxygen preference

B. Source of carbon C. Source of energy

Which of the following environmental factors are likely to have the greatest influence on microbial growth? A. Gases such as helium and Aragon B. Temperature C. Gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen D. Rock Formations E. pH F. Pressures

B. Temperature C. Gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen E. pH F. Pressures

Which methods can be used to estimate the sizes of bacterial populations without culturing on plates? A. Conducting a viable plate count B. Using a flow cytometer C. Analyzing turbidity of a broth D. Completing a direct cell count

B. Using a flow cytometer C. Analyzing turbidity of a broth D. Completing a direct cell count

A(n) ____ nutrient is any substance that must be provided to an organism to satisfy a nutritional need. A. Micro B. Essential C. Trace D. Macro

B. essential

From which environment would you most likely observe growth of psychrophilic microorganisms? A. Outside air in summer months B. Water from a hot tub C. Frozen food

C. Frozen food

____ is the acquisition of chemical substances by organisms forte use as an energy source or as a building blocks of cellular structures. A Catabolism B. Metabolism C. Nutrition D. Symbiosis

C. Nutrition

What specific name is given to an organism which can cause harm? A. Parasite B. Infection C. Pathogen

C. Pathogen

Place the following steps in order to demonstrate your understanding of viable plate count A. Incubate all plates and count the colonies that develop B. Take a sample of the broth and plate onto a solid media C. Place a small number of cells into a sterile broth D. Incubate the broth for a set time period

C. Place a small number of cells into a sterile broth D. Incubate the broth for a set period of time B. Take a sample of the broth and plate onto a solid media A. Incubate all plates and count the colonies that develop

Identify bacteria that require higher than normal levels of carbon dioxide for isolation. A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Halobacterium C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Neisseria

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Neisseria

If a cell loses water after being placed into a particular solution, what is true about the solution? A. The solution and the cell are isotonic relative to each other B. The solution is hypotonic relative to the cell C. The solution is hypertonic relative to the cell

C. The solution is hypertonic relative to the cell

What term is used to describe the cloudiness of a broth culture? A. Clarity factor B. Cloud point C. Turbidity D. Clarity point

C. Turbidity

Match each mineral and ion with its role in the bacterial cell A. Calcium B. Magnesium C. Zinc D. Sodium 1. Stabilizes the cell wall 2. Component of chlorophyll 3. Component of DNA binding proteins 4. Important for cell transport

Calcium- Stabilizes cell wall Magnesium- Component of chlorophyll Zinc- Component of DNA binding proteins Sodium- Important for cell transport

What word is used to describe organisms which can use oxygen in their cellular respiration pathways? A. Anaerobic B. Oxygenobic C. Oxygenators D. Aerobic

D. Aerobic

A cell is in a ____ solution, where the solute concentration is higher inside the cell. A. Hypertonic B. Isotonic C. Megatonic d. Hypotonic

D. Hypotonic

Which of the following is the movement of small, nonpolar molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution? A. Group translocation B. Facilitated diffusion C. Active transport D. Simple diffusion

D. Simple diffusion

The term used to describe the solute concentration within the cell is equal to the solute concentration in the surrounding environment is ____.

Isotonic

The temperature at which a species shows the most rapid growth rate is known as the cell's ____ temperature.

Optimum

A microorganism that thrives in any hypertonic medium is called a(n) ____.

Osmophiles

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane in the direction of lower water concentration is called ____.

Osmosis

Micronutrients (zinc, manganese) that are required by cells in small amounts are termed ____ elements.

Trace

A microbe that only requires only inorganic and carbon dioxide as a sole carbon source is called a(n) ____.

autotroph

Some microbes live in mixed communities attached to a surface and are fairly resistant to antibiotics. These formations are called ____ and often grow on materials such as catheters.

biofilms

A ____ is a continuous culture system that provides nutrients and removes wastes to stabilize cell cultures.

chemostat

A(n) nutrient that must be obtained by an organism because it cannot be manufactured is called a(n) ____ nutrient.

essential

In binary fission, the doubling of time of a particular microbial species is also known as its ____ time.

generation

An organism that specifically requires a high concentration of salt for growth is called a(n) ____.

halophile

The highest temperature at which an organism will grow is called the ____ temperature.

maximum

The structure that regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell is the cytoplasmic ____.

membrane

A(n) aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere is called a(n) ____.

microaerophile

The lowest temperature at which an organism will grow is called the ____ temperature.

minimum

A nutrient that is made by living things and composed of hydrogen and carbon is a(n) ____ nutrient.

organic

An organism that benefits at the expense of another is called a ____.

parasite

A relationship between two organisms where the hos is harmed and the colonizer benefits is called ____.

parasitism

A noun used to describe organisms which can cause disease is a(n) ____.

pathogen

The cell actively engulfs large particles into vesicles during the endocytic process of ____.

phagocytosis

Unlike chemotrophs that obtain energy from chemical compounds, a ____ is an organism that uses the sun's light to power its metabolic pathways.

phototroph

Microbes that use photosynthesis to derive their energy are classified as ______, while microbes that gain energy from oxidizing chemical compounds are classified as ________.

phototroph, chemotroph

Which term describes a microrganism that thrives and divides under refrigeration conditions?

psychrophile

A close partnership between individuals from two different species that maybe helpful, harmful, or neither to either member is called ____.

symbiosis

Microorganisms that prefer hot environments in the range of 45 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius are called ____-philes.

thermo

Microbes that can survive short exposure to high temperatures but are normally Mesophiles are termed ____.

thermoduric