The Eukaryotic Cell Biology Pre-Class Assingment
The arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotic cilia and flagella made from a circle of microtubule pairs and two central microtubules is referred to as the _____________ structure.
-9+2
Which fiber is involved with cellular crawling?
-Actin
_________________ junctions attach the cytoskeleton of one cell to the extracellular matrix or the cytoskeleton of another cell. These junctions can contain proteins such as cadherins, or integrins.
-Adhesive
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
-Assembly of membrane lipids -Storage of calcium -Steroid synthesis
______________ are composed of microtubules, but are typically shorter than flagella and tend to cover all or part of the surface of a cell.
-Cilia
Which of these is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells?
-Compartmentalization
Select the two cadherins found in desmosomes.
-Desmocollin -Desmoglein
Which of the following are functions of lysosomes?
-Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Breaking
Which of the following are part of the endomembrane system?
-Endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi apparatus
Which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells?
-Extracellular matrix
In comparing flagella and cilia, which ones are longer and found singly or in pairs?
-Flagella
The cell wall of which type of cell is composed of chitin?
-Fungal
Match the following types of junctions with their features and/or functions.
-Gap junctions: Involves connexon proteins that create a pore to connect cells -Plasmodesmata: Cytoplasmic connections between the cell walls of plants -Tight junctions: Leak-proof seal that surrounds the cell -Adherens junctions: Cadherins bind to microfilaments -Desmosomes: Cadherins bind to intermediate filaments
During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy and synthesize which of the following organic molecules?
-Glucose
Which of the following ions can cause opening and closing in gap junction channels?
-H+ -Ca2+
Major histocompatibility complexes are involved in which of the follow?
-Immune system recognition
Lysosomes contain enzymes to break down which of the following?
-Lipids -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Nucleic acids
Which of the following is a group of marker proteins that are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the immune system?
-MHC
What type of RNA carries information from DNA?
-Messenger
Integrins are proteins in the plasma membrane that extend into the cytoplasm, attaching to which two types of filaments?
-Microfilaments -Intermediate
The production of ATP is performed by which of the following organelles?
-Mitochondria
Which of the following describes the microtubule arrangement in the basal body of a eukaryotic flagellum?
-Nine triplets of microtubules connected by short protein fragments
The repository of the genetic information that enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is which of the following structures?
-Nucleus
Which of the following is the largest organelle present in eukaryotic cells?
-Nucleus
An unknown cell type contains ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell wall. other structures may be present. Which type of cell might this be?
-Plant -Bacterial
Organisms that may have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin include which of the following?
-Plants -Fungi -Protists
Select the organisms that contain chloroplasts.
-Plants -Algae
Which of the following junctions types is only found in plants?
-Plasmodesmata
_____________ are specialized openings in the cell walls of plant cells where the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is connected for communication.
-Plasmodesmata
Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts include which of the following?
-Presence of DNA -Presence of ribosomes
The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
-Protein synthesis -Glycoprotein synthesis -Protein sorting
The types of molecules that can move through the nuclear envelope include which of the following?
-RNA -Ions
The types of molecules that can move through the nuclear envelops include which of the following?
-RNA -Ions
Which of the following structure of the endomembrane system is not matched properly? -Golgi apparatus: protein secretion and sorting -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: :lipid synthesis -Nuclear envelope: allows access to and from the nucleus -Lysosomes: degradation of organic molecules -Rough endoplasmic reticulum: :Ca^2+
-Rough endoplasmic reticulum: :Ca^2+
_____________ junction, which are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, form a barrier that can seal off sheet of cells.
-Septate
_____________ junctions between neighboring cells of the lining of the human digestive tract are very secure and prevent leakage.
-Septate
The role of the nucleolus is which of the following?
-To produce ribosomal subunits
What type of RNA carries amino acids?
-Transfer
True or false:Chloroplasts are the organelles that contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.
-True
What are the functions of the central vacuole in plants?
-Water storage -Storage of pigments
The cell walls of plants and protists are made of the polysaccharide _________________ while the cell wall of fungal cells are made of the polysaccharide _________________.
-cellulose -chitin
The association of DNA and proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called
-chromatin
Inside the nucleus, DNA is wound tightly around proteins and packaged into compact units called _________________.
-chromosomes
The ___________________ face of the Golgi appartatus is located near the endoplasmic reticulum.
-cis
The internal portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is known as the __________ space, or _____________.
-cisternal -lumen
The fibrous protein, ______________, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells is also a major component of cartilage and tendons.
-collagen
The inner folded membrane of the mitochondria has numerous contiguous layers called ____________________.
-cristae
MHC proteins are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the ___________________ system.
-immune
Major histocompatibility complexes are involved in which of the following?
-immune system recognition
The space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion is known as the ___________________ space.
-intermembrane
Digestion of substances taken into the cell, break down of macromolecules in the cell, and autophagy are all preformed by organelles called ________________.
-lysosomes
The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the ___________________ ______________________.
-nuclear envelope
The points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet form:
-nuclear pores
Ribosomal subunits are produced in a region of the nucleus, called the __________________.
-nucleolus
Hemidesmosomes connect cells to
-other ECM -the basal lamina
Molecules move in and out of the nucleus through nuclear ______________
-pores
Nuclear _____________ form at the points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet.
-pores
Before cells can synthesize proteins in large quantity, they must first construct a large number of ____________________ to carry out this synthesis.
-ribosomes
In liver cells, enzymes located in the __________________ endoplasmic reticulum detoxify harmful organic molecules.
-smooth
The most common alteration made in the Golgi body is addition or modification of shore _________________ chains.
-sugar
Cells that are part of the same tissue type recognize each other based on
-surface proteins
Hemidesmosomes connect cells to
-the basal lamina -other ECM
A granum contains a few to several dozen
-thylakoids
Arrange the step of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order (start at the top).
1 Transport vesicles that contain proteins bud from the rough ER. 2 Proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus 3 Proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles. 4 Proteins are released to the extracellular environment
Which of the following are function of lysosomes? Choices: -Breaking down macromolecules in the cell -Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Synthesis of macromolecules in the cell -Recycling of building blocks to make new nolecules
Answers: -Breaking down macromolecules in the cell -Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Recycling of building blocks to make new molecules
A ribosome consists of a large and small subunit, and each contains RNA molecules which are in the
nucleolus