The Eukaryotic Cell Biology Pre-Class Assingment

The arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotic cilia and flagella made from a circle of microtubule pairs and two central microtubules is referred to as the _____________ structure.

-9+2

Which fiber is involved with cellular crawling?

-Actin

_________________ junctions attach the cytoskeleton of one cell to the extracellular matrix or the cytoskeleton of another cell. These junctions can contain proteins such as cadherins, or integrins.

-Adhesive

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

-Assembly of membrane lipids -Storage of calcium -Steroid synthesis

______________ are composed of microtubules, but are typically shorter than flagella and tend to cover all or part of the surface of a cell.

-Cilia

Which of these is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells?

-Compartmentalization

Select the two cadherins found in desmosomes.

-Desmocollin -Desmoglein

Which of the following are functions of lysosomes?

-Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Breaking

Which of the following are part of the endomembrane system?

-Endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi apparatus

Which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells?

-Extracellular matrix

In comparing flagella and cilia, which ones are longer and found singly or in pairs?

-Flagella

The cell wall of which type of cell is composed of chitin?

-Fungal

Match the following types of junctions with their features and/or functions.

-Gap junctions: Involves connexon proteins that create a pore to connect cells -Plasmodesmata: Cytoplasmic connections between the cell walls of plants -Tight junctions: Leak-proof seal that surrounds the cell -Adherens junctions: Cadherins bind to microfilaments -Desmosomes: Cadherins bind to intermediate filaments

During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy and synthesize which of the following organic molecules?

-Glucose

Which of the following ions can cause opening and closing in gap junction channels?

-H+ -Ca2+

Major histocompatibility complexes are involved in which of the follow?

-Immune system recognition

Lysosomes contain enzymes to break down which of the following?

-Lipids -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Nucleic acids

Which of the following is a group of marker proteins that are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the immune system?

-MHC

What type of RNA carries information from DNA?

-Messenger

Integrins are proteins in the plasma membrane that extend into the cytoplasm, attaching to which two types of filaments?

-Microfilaments -Intermediate

The production of ATP is performed by which of the following organelles?

-Mitochondria

Which of the following describes the microtubule arrangement in the basal body of a eukaryotic flagellum?

-Nine triplets of microtubules connected by short protein fragments

The repository of the genetic information that enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is which of the following structures?

-Nucleus

Which of the following is the largest organelle present in eukaryotic cells?

-Nucleus

An unknown cell type contains ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell wall. other structures may be present. Which type of cell might this be?

-Plant -Bacterial

Organisms that may have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin include which of the following?

-Plants -Fungi -Protists

Select the organisms that contain chloroplasts.

-Plants -Algae

Which of the following junctions types is only found in plants?

-Plasmodesmata

_____________ are specialized openings in the cell walls of plant cells where the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is connected for communication.

-Plasmodesmata

Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts include which of the following?

-Presence of DNA -Presence of ribosomes

The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

-Protein synthesis -Glycoprotein synthesis -Protein sorting

The types of molecules that can move through the nuclear envelope include which of the following?

-RNA -Ions

The types of molecules that can move through the nuclear envelops include which of the following?

-RNA -Ions

Which of the following structure of the endomembrane system is not matched properly? -Golgi apparatus: protein secretion and sorting -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: :lipid synthesis -Nuclear envelope: allows access to and from the nucleus -Lysosomes: degradation of organic molecules -Rough endoplasmic reticulum: :Ca^2+

-Rough endoplasmic reticulum: :Ca^2+

_____________ junction, which are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, form a barrier that can seal off sheet of cells.

-Septate

_____________ junctions between neighboring cells of the lining of the human digestive tract are very secure and prevent leakage.

-Septate

The role of the nucleolus is which of the following?

-To produce ribosomal subunits

What type of RNA carries amino acids?

-Transfer

True or false:Chloroplasts are the organelles that contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.

-True

What are the functions of the central vacuole in plants?

-Water storage -Storage of pigments

The cell walls of plants and protists are made of the polysaccharide _________________ while the cell wall of fungal cells are made of the polysaccharide _________________.

-cellulose -chitin

The association of DNA and proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called

-chromatin

Inside the nucleus, DNA is wound tightly around proteins and packaged into compact units called _________________.

-chromosomes

The ___________________ face of the Golgi appartatus is located near the endoplasmic reticulum.

-cis

The internal portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is known as the __________ space, or _____________.

-cisternal -lumen

The fibrous protein, ______________, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells is also a major component of cartilage and tendons.

-collagen

The inner folded membrane of the mitochondria has numerous contiguous layers called ____________________.

-cristae

MHC proteins are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the ___________________ system.

-immune

Major histocompatibility complexes are involved in which of the following?

-immune system recognition

The space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion is known as the ___________________ space.

-intermembrane

Digestion of substances taken into the cell, break down of macromolecules in the cell, and autophagy are all preformed by organelles called ________________.

-lysosomes

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the ___________________ ______________________.

-nuclear envelope

The points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet form:

-nuclear pores

Ribosomal subunits are produced in a region of the nucleus, called the __________________.

-nucleolus

Hemidesmosomes connect cells to

-other ECM -the basal lamina

Molecules move in and out of the nucleus through nuclear ______________

-pores

Nuclear _____________ form at the points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet.

-pores

Before cells can synthesize proteins in large quantity, they must first construct a large number of ____________________ to carry out this synthesis.

-ribosomes

In liver cells, enzymes located in the __________________ endoplasmic reticulum detoxify harmful organic molecules.

-smooth

The most common alteration made in the Golgi body is addition or modification of shore _________________ chains.

-sugar

Cells that are part of the same tissue type recognize each other based on

-surface proteins

Hemidesmosomes connect cells to

-the basal lamina -other ECM

A granum contains a few to several dozen

-thylakoids

Arrange the step of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order (start at the top).

1 Transport vesicles that contain proteins bud from the rough ER. 2 Proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus 3 Proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles. 4 Proteins are released to the extracellular environment

Which of the following are function of lysosomes? Choices: -Breaking down macromolecules in the cell -Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Synthesis of macromolecules in the cell -Recycling of building blocks to make new nolecules

Answers: -Breaking down macromolecules in the cell -Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis -Recycling of building blocks to make new molecules

A ribosome consists of a large and small subunit, and each contains RNA molecules which are in the

nucleolus