Chapter 4 Anatomy Test

Julia works in a walk-in clinic where several patients arrive with sunburns. How should she distinguish the first-degree and second-degree burns from one another?

Although both first-degree and second-degree burns produce red and painful skin and are partial thickness burns, only the second-degree burns produce blisters.

A wound care doctor tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red, swollen skin. The patient complains of pain. What feature of this burn distinguishes it from a first-degree burn?

Blisters

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

First-degree

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

Melanoma

Which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior?

Mucous

List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.

Mucous- contains glands and lines body cavities with mucus serous- secretes fluid and reduces friction cutaneous- makes up the skin

After an explosion during a fireworks show, a number of people arrive at the emergency room with burns to their skin. You and a colleague are assessing patients to determine who needs assistance first. Evaluate the signs and symptoms of the following patients and determine whose burn is the most severe.

Patient C has blanched or blackened burned skin.

Which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?

Sebum

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

Sebum

What stratum layer directly connects to the dermis?

Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

Stratum corneum

Layers from from superficial to deep

Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee?

Synovial fluid

A little girl on the playground fell and scraped her knee. You notice her knee shows no signs of bleeding. Therefore, this must be only a superficial scrape to the ________.

epidermis

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions on to the skin's surface via ducts.

exocrine

The skin and its appendages (nails, glands, and hairs) are collectively called the ________.

integumentary system

Where are mucous membranes found?

lining the inside of the stomach

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of ________.

melanin

Lines the lungs

pleura, a serous membrane

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

serous

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The skin slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

People who wear antiperspirant with deodorant are trying to reduce the secretions of the ________.

sudoriferous glands

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

synovial

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________.

using the "rule of nines"

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

corneum

The only dry membrane is the ________.

cutaneous membrane

Which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system?

The skin synthesizes vitamin D.

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Vitamin D