Chapter 4

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is: A.) claustrophobia. B.) acrophobia. C.) agoraphobia. D.) generalized anxiety.

C.) agoraphobia.

Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term, nonpharmacological treatment for panic attacks that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? A.) cognitive B.) behavioral C.) humanistic D.) psychodynamic

A.) cognitive

Which of the following is an example of a specific social anxiety? A.) fear of public speaking B.) fear of snakes C.) fear of tornados when a tornado warning is in effect D.) fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others

A.) fear of public speaking

Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by: A.) maladaptive assumptions. B.) lack of empathy. C.) interpersonal loss. D.) overactive id impulses.

A.) maladaptive assumptions.

Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that: A.) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives. B.) distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives. C.) relatives share not only biological characteristics, but also similar environments. D.) identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.

A.) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives.

If you really wanted to impress your friends, you would refer to ―hair-pulling disorder‖ by the scientific name: A.) trichotillomania. B.) musomania. C.) traumatomania. D.) gephyromania.

A.) trichotillomania.

A comprehensive approach that involves several techniques in treating anxiety disorders is called: A.) systematic desensitization. B.) a stress management program. C.) preparedness. D.) drug therapy.

B.) a stress management program.

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible aspects is displaying a: A.) metaworry. B.) basic irrational assumption. C.) compulsion. D.) condition of worth.

B.) basic irrational assumption.

The most current research we have suggests that reductions in activity levels in the caudate nuclei among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder result from: A.) the associated reduction in serotonin levels in the brain. B.) both medications and cognitive-behavioral therapies. C.) one's initial level of caudate nuclei activity—those with high levels maintain them. D.) the length of time the person has had the diagnosis.

B.) both medications and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain? A.) hypothalamus B.) caudate nuclei C.) cerebral cortex D.) temporal lobe

B.) caudate nuclei

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week, would be experiencing what therapy procedure? A.) family therapy B.) exposure and response prevention C.)reinforcement for compulsive behavior D.)free association

B.) exposure and response prevention

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are studying to become an entomologist, which means, as part of your training, you have to study spiders. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in: A.) modeling. B.) flooding. C.) covert desensitization. D.) systematic desensitization.

B.) flooding.

According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses like making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals are at risk for developing: A.) realistic anxiety. B.) neurotic anxiety. C.) moral anxiety. D.) existential anxiety.

B.) neurotic anxiety.

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called: A.) panic disorder. B.) phobic disorder. C.) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D.) generalized anxiety disorder.

B.) phobic disorder.

The process when a learned fear to one stimulus is also elicited by similar stimuli is known as: A.) stimulus extinction. B.) stimulus generalization. C.) stimulus discrimination. D.) stimulus acquisition.

B.) stimulus generalization.

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is part of: A.) implosive therapy. B.) systematic desensitization. C.) experimental extinction. D.) self-instruction training.

B.) systematic desensitization.

A person with a phobia is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the: A.) covert technique. B.) virtual reality technique. C.) fear hierarchical flooding technique. D.) in vivo technique.

B.) virtual reality technique.

Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice? A.) "Do it! Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysphoric symptoms." B.) "Think about it. Although plastic surgery usually helps, it's pretty expensive." C.) "Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards." D.) "Don't do it! Studies show that almost one-third of people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder later attempt suicide"

C.) "Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."

The therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions, but not his obsessions. In addition, he does ―homework‖ in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. MOST likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy? A.) psychodynamic B.) psychodynamic, with therapist interpretation C.) behavioral D.) cognitive

C.) behavioral

When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that Samir has acquired this fear by: A.) operant conditioning. B.) modeling and imitation. C.) classical conditioning. D.) stimulus generalization.

C.) classical conditioning.

Mindfulness therapy teaches people t accept their worries and live in the present moment, which is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach A.) psychodynamic. B.) biological. C.) cognitive. D.)behavioral.

C.) cognitive.

If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Carl Rogers called: A.) empathy B.) unconditioned positive regard. C.) conditions of worth. D.) moral anxiety.

C.) conditions of worth.

Which of the following convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder? A.) differences in the way the amygdala works in each disorder B.) differences in the alarm and escape response in the brain C.) differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders D.) differences in the heritability of the two disorders

C.) differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and conditions like the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of: A.) modeling. B.) stimulus generalization. C.)conditioning. D.)preparedness.

D.)preparedness.

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? A.) schizophrenia B.) bipolar disorder C.) major depression D.) agoraphobia

D.) agoraphobia