Chapter 4 Exam ADH
parathyroid hormone
A hormone of the parathyroid gland that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body.... THINK BONES.
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
A hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulates the activity of pigment-containing cells in the skin of some vertebrates. MELANIN.
Adrenal gland hormonal imbalance
( 3 S's...) - Sugar and stress... cortisol -Salt reabsorption... aldosterone - Sex... estrogen and testosterone
Bromocriptine patient teaching- pituitary gland
- This drug will decrease the small tumor until the pituitary gland is of normal size. - give this drug with a MEAL OR SNACK TO DECREASE GI SIDE EFFECTS. - treatment will start with a low dose and gradually increase until desired level is reached. - see medical care immediately if chest pain, dizziness, or watery nasal discharge occurs because of SERIOUS side effects that include- cardiac dysrhythmias, coronary artery spasms, and cerebrospinal spinal leakage.
posterior pituitary gland
ADH- antidiuretic hormone (water reabsorption).. vasopressin. oxytocin-(uterus and breast, to stimulate breast milk and uterine contractions.)
Nursing Safety Priority Action Alert
Avoid applying pressure on or palpating the thyroid in a patient who has or is suspected to have hyperthyroidism because these actions can stimulate a sudden release of thyroid hormones and cause a thyroid storm.
Dwarfism
Condition caused by insufficient growth hormone in childhood
A client is being treated for pituitary Cushing syndrome. The nurse anticipates that which medication will be prescribed?
Cyproheptadine
Which condition would the nurse anticipate in a client who complains of weight gain and has purplish-blue striae on the abdomen?
Cushing syndrome
hyperpituitarism treatment
Hypophysectomy. Explain that nasal packing is present for 2 to 3 days after surgery, it will be necessary to breathe through the mouth and a "mustache" dressing drip pad will be placed under the nose. Instruct the patient not to brush teeth, ouch, sneeze, blow the nose, or bend forward after surgery. An increase in swallowing and post nasal drip can indicate leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.
Gonads
Once a person reaches puberty, the gonadotropic hormones secreted by anterior pituitary triggers development of secondary sexual characteristics.
Side effects of bromocriptine
Orthostatic hypotension, headaches, nausea, abdominal cramps, and constipation.
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor), cancer, improper blood flow, distorted, malnutrition -MEN may have facial and body hair loss, decreased libido, amenorrhea, painful intercourse, women may have dry skin, breast atrophy, or deceased pubic hair. -WILL REQUIRE LIFE LONG REPLACEMENT THERAPY.
PRL (prolactin)
Produced by Anterior lobe of Pituitary Gland. Targets mammary glands to stimulate and sustain milk production.
Prevention of Addisonian Crisis
S- SLOWLY taper off. Never abruptly stop. S-For stress or surgery. Increase the dose of cortisol!!!
7 S's for steroid precautions
S- SWOLLEN (weight gain/water gain) S-SEPSIS (Infections or illness) "low wbc fever is priority... NCLEX TIP. S-SUGAR INCREASED... NCLEX tip.. S- skinny muscles and bones, osteoporsis... S- Sight. Cataracts risk.. refer to optometrist.
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)... Anterior pituitary
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids (cortisol)... - Sex - Sugar - Salt
GH (growth hormone)... Anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates bones, cartilage, and size
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)... Anterior pituitary
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones and controls metabolism
Nursing Safety Priority Action Alert
Teach patient taking bromocriptine to seek medicinal care if chest pain, dizziness, nasal discharge occurs, cardiac dysthymia, coronary artery spasms, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, this condition is common in clients with Graves' disease. This is due to hyperthyroidism.
adrenal glands
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus- control center
brain region controlling the pituitary gland
cabergoline, bromocriptine
used to treat hyperpituitarism.
acromegaly
enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive production of growth hormone due to hyperpituitarism. - Increased skeletal thickness, hypertrophy of the skin, and enlargement of many organs. TREATMENT? Drug therapy may be used alone with surgery and/or radiation. Common drugs used are bromocriptine and cabergolin.
adrenal medulla hormones (catecholamines)
epinephrine and norepinephrine
diabetes insipidus
excessive thirst and overproduction of very dilute urine. caused by underproduction of ADH, lack of sensitivity of kidneys to ADH, or injury to posterior pituitary.
Myxedema coma
extreme hypothyroidism. Interventions: include administering IV levothyroxine. Give IV normal saline.
adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
thyroid gland
produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth...
anterior pituitary gland- Luteinizing hormone
stimulates ovaries and testes
Anterior pituitary gland- FSH(follicle stimulating hormone)
stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary
hyperpituitarism
the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism. - Most often cause is a benign tumor (adenoma)... may cause vision changes, headache, and increased intracranial pressure, over excretion, genetic issues.
