Chapter 4 Government
cooperative federalism
1930-1960 an era of federalism during which hte national and state government shared functional authority in board policy areas; also called marble cake federalism
creative federalism
1960-1980 period in which the naitonal government channeled federral funds to local governments and citizens groups to address problems states could or would not address; also called "picket fence" federalism
what powers do state governments have?
draw electoral district lines, conduct elections, establish state court systems
federal mandates
regulations that the national government imposes on state and local governments
how dos the Constitution guide the relationships between the nation and the 50 states?
the Constitution describes the responsibilities that the national government and the states have toward one another
new federalism
1980-present the modern era in federalism in which authority that rested with the national government is being returned to the states; also called devolution
what events caused the expansion of national power in the twentieth century?
Southern states tried to secede from the US due to disagreements over slavery; this led to the civil war
how does the Constitution limit the powers of the state and national governments?
The Bill of Rights limits national government. States are not allowed to coin money or tax imports and exports from other states; states cannot form armies or enter treaties with other nations
Why did the Framers choose federalism?
The Framers wanted to avoid forming a government that was too powerful. Consequently, authority is divided powers between the national government and state governments.
categorical grants
a federal grant that can only be used for a specific purpose of state and local spending; these grants usually require the state contribute money in addition to the national money
fiscal federalism
a system of spending, taxing and providing grants in the federal system
doctrine of nullification
belief that states had the right to cancel federal laws with which they disagree
what powers does the national government have?
borrow and coin money, levy taxes, raise armies...
what powers are shared by both the national government and the state governments?
collect taxes, provide for the health and welfare of people, build roads, borrow money
grants in aid
federal funds given to state and local governments for specific projects
block grants
federal grants given to state and local governments for broad purposes, such as welfare, community development, education, public health
doctrine of secesion
idea that a state had the irght to separate from the Union
devolution
the modern trend in federalism in which more power is given back to the states; also known as new federalism
concurrent powers
the power that is shared by both the federal and state governments
implied powers
the powers assumed by the government that are not specifically listed in the Constitution
expressed powers
the powers explictly granted to Congress by the Constitution
How was the government power divided in dual federalism
the powers of the national government included only those powers listed in the Constitution. All other powers were reserved to the states
reserved powers
the powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government nor denied to the states that are reserved for the states
full faith and credit clause
the provision of hte Constitution that requires each state to honor the public acts, official records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
what role does the Supreme Court play in American federalism?
the supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution states that the Constitution, national laws and treaties made by national government are the supreme law of hte land
dual federalism
the time period when national and state governments were sen as equal authorities, operating over separate areas of influence, and hte authority of national government was limited to the expressed powers; "layer cake" federalism
inherent powers
those delegated powers of the Constitution that are assumed to belong to the national government because of it is a sovereign state